DNA molecules and polypeptides of Pseudomonas syringae Hrp pathogenicity island and their uses

ABSTRACT

One aspect of the present invention relates to isolated nucleic acid molecules (i) encoding proteins or polypeptides of  Pseudomonas  CEL and EEL genomic regions, (ii) nucleic acid molecules which hybridize thereto under stringent conditions, or (iii) nucleic acid molecules that include a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to the nucleic acid molecules of (i) and (ii). Expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic plants which include the DNA molecules of the present invention are also disclosed. Another aspect relates to the isolated proteins or polypeptides and compositions containing the same. The nucleic acid molecules and proteins of the present invention can be used to imparting disease resistance to a plant, making a plant hypersusceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria, causing eukaryotic cell death, and treating cancerous conditions.

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/825,414, filed Apr. 3, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,852,835, issued Feb. 8, 2005, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/194,160, filed Apr. 3, 2000, Ser. No. 60/224,604, filed Aug. 11, 2000, and Ser. No. 60/249,548, filed Nov. 17, 2000, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. MCB-9631530 and National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant No. 98-35303-4488. The U.S. Government may have certain rights in this invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to isolated DNA molecules corresponding to the open reading frames in the conserved effector loci and exchangeable effector loci of the Pseudomonas syringae, the isolated proteins encoded thereby, and their various uses.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae is noted for its diverse and host-specific interactions with plants (Hirano and Upper, 1990). A specific strain may be assigned to one of at least 40 pathovars based on its host range among different plant species and then further assigned to a race based on differential interactions among cultivars of the host. In host plants the bacteria typically grow to high population levels in leaf intercellular spaces and then produce necrotic lesions. In nonhost plants or in host plants with race-specific resistance, the bacteria elicit the hypersensitive response (HR), a rapid, defense-associated programmed death of plant cells in contact with the pathogen (Alfano and Collmer, 1997). The ability to produce either of these reactions in plants appears to be directed by hrp (HR and pathogenicity) and hrc (HR and conserved) genes that encode a type III protein secretion pathway and by avr (avirulence) and hop (Hrp-dependent outer protein) genes that encode effector proteins injected into plant cells by the pathway (Alfano and Collmer, 1997). These effectors may also betray the parasite to the HR-triggering R-gene surveillance system of potential hosts (hence the avr designation), and plant breeding for resistance based on such gene-for-gene (avr-R) interactions may produce complex combinations of races and differential cultivars (Keen, 1990). hrp/hrc genes are probably universal among necrosis-causing gram-negative plant pathogens, and they have been sequenced in P. syringae pv. syringae (Psy) 61, Erwinia amylovora Ea321, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) 85-10, and Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 (Alfano and Collmer, 1997). Based on their distinct gene arrangements and regulatory components, the hrp/hrc gene clusters of these four bacteria can be divided into two groups: I (Pseudomonas and Erwinia) and II (Xanthomonas and Ralstonia). The discrepancy between the distribution of these groups and the phylogeny of the bacteria provides some evidence that hrp/hrc gene clusters have been horizontally acquired and, therefore, may represent pathogenicity islands (Pais) (Alfano and Collmer, 1997).

Pais have been defined as gene clusters that (i) include many virulence genes, (ii) are selectively present in pathogenic strains, (iii) have different G+C content compared to host bacteria DNA, (iv) occupy large chromosomal regions, (v) are often flanked by direct repeats, (vi) are bordered by tRNA genes and/or cryptic mobile genetic elements, and (vii) are unstable (Hacker et al., 1997). Some Pais have inserted into different genomic locations in the same species (Wieler et al., 1997). Others reveal a mosaic structure indicative of multiple horizontal acquisitions (Hensel et al., 1999). Genes encoding type III secretion systems are present in Pais in animal pathogenic Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and on large plasmids in Yersinia and Shigella spp. Genes encoding effectors secreted by the pathway in these organisms are commonly linked to the pathway genes (Hueck, 1998), although a noteworthy exception is sopE, which is carried by a temperate phage without apparent linkage to SPI1 in certain isolates of S. typhimurium (Mirold et al., 1999). Three avr/hop genes have already been shown to be linked to the hrp/hrc cluster in P. syringae: avrE and several other Hrp-regulated transcriptional units are linked to the hrpR border of the hrp cluster in P. syringae pv tomato (Pto) DC3000 (Lorang and Keen, 1995); avrPphE is adjacent to hrpY (hrpK) in Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Pph) 1302A (Mansfield et al., 1994); and hopPsyA (hrmA) is adjacent to hrpK in Psy 61 (Heu and Hutcheson, 1993). Other Pseudomonas avr genes are located elsewhere in the genome or on plasmids (Leach and White, 1996), including a plasmid-borne group of avr genes described as a Pai in Pph 1449B (Jackson et al., 1999).

Because Avr, Hop, Hrp, and Hrc proteins represent promising therapeutic treatments in both plants and animals, it would be desirable to identify other proteins encoded by the Pai's in pathogenic bacteria and identify uses for those proteins.

The present invention overcomes these deficiencies in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present invention relates to isolated nucleic acid molecules (i) encoding proteins or polypeptides of Pseudomonas Conserved Effector Loci (“CEL”) and Exchangeable Effector Loci (“EEL”) genomic regions, (ii) nucleic acid molecules which hybridize thereto under stringent conditions, or (iii) nucleic acid molecules that include a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to the nucleic acid molecules of (i) and (ii). Expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic plants which include the DNA molecules of the present invention are also disclosed. Methods of making such host cells and transgenic plant are disclosed.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to isolated proteins or polypeptides encoded by the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention. Compositions which contain the proteins are also disclosed.

Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to methods of imparting disease resistance to a plant. According to one approach, this method is carried out by transforming a plant cell with a heterologous DNA molecule of the present invention and regenerating a transgenic plant from the transformed plant cell, wherein the transgenic plant expresses the heterologous DNA molecule under conditions effective to impart disease resistance. According to another approach, this method is carried out by treating a plant with a protein or polypeptide of the present invention under conditions effective to impart disease resistance to the treated plant.

A still further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of making a plant hypersusceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria. According to one approach, this method is carried out by transforming a plant cell with a heterologous DNA molecule of the present invention and regenerating a transgenic plant from the transformed plant cell, wherein the transgenic plant expresses the heterologous DNA molecule under conditions effective to render the transgenic plant hypersusceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria. According to an alternative approach, this method is carried out by treating a plant with a protein or polypeptide of the present invention under conditions effective to render the treated plant susceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of causing eukaryotic cell death by introducing into a eukaryotic cell a cytotoxic Pseudomonas protein, where the introducing is performed under conditions effective to cause cell death.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of treating a cancerous condition by introducing a cytotoxic Pseudomonas protein into cancer cells of a patient under conditions effective to cause death of cancer cells, thereby treating the cancerous condition.

The benefits of the present invention result from three factors. First, there is substantial and growing evidence that phytopathogen effector proteins have evolved to elicit exquisite changes in eukaryote metabolism at extremely low levels, and at least some of these activities are potentially relevant to mammals and other organisms in addition to plants. For example, ORF5 in the Psy B728a EEL is similar to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria AvrBsT, a phytopathogen protein that appears to have the same active site as its animal pathogen homolog YopJ, which inhibits mammalian MAPKK defense signaling (Orth et al., 2000). Second, the P. syringae CEL and EEL regions are enriched in effector protein genes, which makes these regions fertile targets for effector gene bioprospecting. Third, rapidly developing technologies for delivering genes and proteins into plant and animal cells improve the efficacy of protein-based therapies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the conserved arrangement of hrp/hrc genes within the Hrp Pais of Psy 61, Psy B728a, and Pto DC3000. Regions sequenced in B728a and DC3000 are indicated by lines beneath the strain 61 sequence. Known regulatory genes are shaded. Arrows indicate the direction of transcription, with small boxes denoting the presence of a Hrp box. The triangle denotes the 3.6-kb insert with phage genes in the B728a hrp/hrc region.

FIGS. 2A–C show the EEL of Pto DC3000, Psy B728a, and Psy 61, the tgt-queA-tRNA^(Leu) locus in P. aeruginosa (Pa), and EEL border sequences. FIG. 2A is a diagram of the EELs of three P. syringae strains shown aligned by their hrpK sequences and are compared with the tgt-queA-tRNA^(Lue) locus in Pa PA01. Arrows indicate the direction of transcription, with small boxes denoting the presence of a Hrp box. Shaded regions are conserved, striped regions denote mobile genetic elements, and open boxes denote genes that are completely dissimilar from each other. FIG. 2B is an alignment of the sequences of the DC3000 (DC) (SEQ. ID. No. 85), B728a (B7) (SEQ. ID. No. 86), and 61 (SEQ. ID. No. 87) EELs at the border with tRNA^(Lue), with conserved nucleotides shown in upper case. FIG. 2C is an alignment of the sequences of the DC3000 (DC) (SEQ. ID. No. 88), B728a (B7) (SEQ. ID. No. 89), and 61 (SEQ. ID. No. 90) EELs at the border with hrpK, with conserved nucleotides shown in upper case.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the Hrp Pai CEL of P. syringae. The Pto DC3000 CEL is shown with the corresponding fragments of Psy B728a that were sequenced aligned below. The nucleotide identity of the sequenced fragments in coding regions ranged from 72% to 83%. Arrows indicate the direction of transcription, with small boxes denoting the presence of a Hrp box.

FIGS. 4A–E illustrate the plant interaction phenotypes of Pto mutants carrying deletions of the EEL (CUCPB5110) and CEL (CUCPB5115). FIG. 14A is a graph illustrating growth in tomato of DC3000 and CUCPB5110 (mean and SD). FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating growth in tomato of DC3000, CUCPB5115, and CUCPB5115(pCPP3016) (mean and SD). FIG. 14C is an image showing HR collapse in tobacco leaf tissue 24 h after infiltration with 10⁷ cfu/ml of DC3000 and CUCPB5115. FIG. 14D is an image showing the absence of disease symptoms in tomato leaf 4 days after inoculation with 10⁴ cfu/ml of CUCPB5115. FIG. 14E is an image showing disease symptoms typical of wild-type in tomato leaf 4 days after inoculation with 10⁴ cfu/ml of CUCPB5115(pCPP3016).

FIG. 5 is an image of the immunoblot analysis showing AvrPto secretion by Pto DC3000 derivatives with deletions affecting the three major regions of the Hrp Pai. Bacteria were grown in Hrp-inducing minimal medium at pH 5.5 and 22° C. to an OD₆₀₀ of 0.35 and then separated into cell-bound (C) and supernatant (S) fractions by centrifugation. Proteins were then resolved by SDS-PAGE, blotted, and immunostained with antibodies against AvrPto and β-lactamase as described (Manceau and Harvais, 1997), except that supernatant fractions were concentrated 3-fold relative to cell-bound fractions before loading. Pto DC3000, CUCPB5115 (CEL deletion), CUCPB5114 (hrp/hrc deletion), and CUCPB5110 (EEL deletion) all carried pCPP2318, which expresses β-lactamase without a signal peptide as a cytoplasmic marker.

FIGS. 6A–B illustrate, enlarged as compared to FIG. 1, the organization of the shcA and hopPsyA operon in the EEL of the Hrp Pai of Psy 61. In FIG. 6A, the shcA and hopPsyA are depicted as white boxes. At the border of the Hrp Pai are the tRNA^(Lue) and queA genes depicted as gray boxes. A 5′ truncated hrpK gene is represented as a hatched box. The arrows indicate the predicted direction of transcription and the black box denotes the presence of a putative HrpL-dependent promoter upstream of shcA. FIG. 6B illustrates schematically the construction of the deletion mutation in the shcA ORF marker-exchanged into Psy 61. Black bars depict regions that were amplified along with added restriction enzyme sites and each are aligned with the corresponding DNA region represented in FIG. 6A. The striped box depicts the nptII cassette that lacks transcriptional and translational terminators used in making the functionally nonpolar shcA Psy 61 mutant. EcoRI, E; EcoRV, V; XbaI, X; and XhoI, Xh.

FIG. 7 is an image of an immunoblot showing that shcA encodes a protein product. pLV9 is a derivative of pFLAG-CTC in which the shcA ORF is cloned and fused to the FLAG epitope and translation is directed by a vector ribosome binding site (RBS). pLV26 contains an amplified product containing the shcA coding region and its native RBS site. Cultures of E. coli DH5α carrying either pFLAG-CTC (Control), pLV9, or pLV26 were grown to an OD₆₀₀ of 0.8 and then 100 μl aliquots were taken, centrifuged, resuspended in SDS-PAGE buffer, and then subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis with anti-FLAG antibodies and secondary antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase.

FIG. 8 is an image of an immunoblot showing that Psy 61 shcA mutant UNLV102 does not secrete HopPsyA and shcA provided in trans complements this defect. Psy 61 cultures were grown at 22° C. in hrp-derepressing medium and separated into cell-bound (C) and supernatant fractions (S). The cell-bound fractions were concentrated 13.4-fold and the supernatant fractions were concentrated 100-fold relative to the initial culture volumes. The samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis, and HopPsyA and β-lactamase (Bla) were detected with either anti-HopPsyA or anti-β-lactamase antibodies followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase as described in the experimental procedures. The image of the immunoblot was captured using the Bio-Rad Gel Doc 2000 UV fluorescent gel documentation system with the accompanying Quantity 1 software.

FIG. 9 is an image of an immunoblot showing that shcA is required for the type III secretion of HopPsyA, but not secretion of HrpZ. P. fluorescens 55 cultures were grown in hrp-derepressing medium and separated into cell-bound (C) and supernatant (S) fractions. The cell-bound fractions were concentrated 13.4-fold and the supernatant fractions were concentrated 100-fold relative to the initial culture volumes. The samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis, and HopPsyA and HrpZ were detected with either anti-HopPsyA or anti-HrpZ antibodies followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase as described in experimental procedures. The image of the immunoblot was captured using the Bio-Rad Gel Doc 2000 UV fluorescent gel documentation system with the accompanying Quantity 1 software.

FIG. 10 is a series of four images of tobacco leaves showing that P. fluorescens 55 carrying a pHIR11 derivative with a functionally nonpolar shcA mutation is impaired in its ability to translocate HopPsyA into plant cells. P. fluorescens 55 cultures were grown overnight in King's B and suspended in 5 mM MES pH 5.6 to an OD₆₀₀ of 1.0, and infiltrated into tobacco leaf panels. Because the pHIR11-induced HR is due to the translocation of HopPsyA inside plant cells, a reduced HR indicates that HopPsyA is not delivered well enough to induce a typical HR. The leaf panels were photographed with incident light 24 hours later.

FIG. 11 is an image of an immunoblot showing that ShcA binds to HopPsyA. Soluble protein samples from sonicated cultures (Sonicate) of Psy 61 shcA mutant UNLV102 carrying pLN1 (HopPsyA) or pLN2 (ShcA-FLAG, HopPsyA) were mixed with anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel (Gel). The gel was washed (Wash) with TBS buffer, mixed with SDS-PAGE buffer, and subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis along with the sonicate and wash samples. HopPsyA and ShcA-FLAG were detected with anti-HopPsyA or anti-FLAG antibodies followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase as described in experimental procedures.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the spindle checkpoint in S. cerevisiae. The spindle checkpoint is activated by a signal emitted from the kinetochores when there are abnormalities with the microtubules. This signal is somehow received by the spindle checkpoint components, which respond in a variety of ways. Mad2 is thought to bind to Cdc20 at the APC inhibiting its ubiquitin ligase activity. In the absence of Mad2 (and presumably damage to the spindle), the APC is active and it marks Pds1 and other inhibitors of anaphase for degradation via the ubiquitin proteolysis pathway; anaphase ensues.

FIGS. 13A–B illustrate the effects of transgenically expressed HopPsyA on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Arabidopsis thaliana. FIG. 13A shows N. tabacum cv. Xanthi and N. benthamiana leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 with or without pTA7002::hopPsyA. FIG. 13B illustrates Arabidopsis thaliana Col-1 infiltrated with A. tumefaciens+/−pTA7002::hopPsyA. For all plants shown in FIGS. 13A–B, 48 h after Agrobacterium infiltration, plants were sprayed with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). Images were collected 24 h after DEX treatment. A.t.=Agrobacterium tumefaciens; pA=pTA7002::hopPsyA.

FIG. 14 is an image of an SDS-PAGE which shows the distribution of HopPsyA and β-lactamase in cultures of Psy 61 (pCPP2318) or a hrp mutant, Psy 61-2089 (pCPP2318). Bacterial cultures were grown at 22° C. in hrp-depressing medium and separated into cell-bound (C) and supernatant fractions (S). The cell-bound fractions were concentrated 13.4 fold, and the supernatant fractions were concentrated 100 fold relative to initial culture volumes. The samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis and HopPsyA and β-lactamase were detected with either anti-HopPsyA or anti-β-lactamase antibodies followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. Pss wild-type=Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 (pCPP2318); Pss hrcC=Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61-2089 (pCPP2318).

FIG. 15 is a graph illustrating the ability of wild-type Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and a hopPsyA mutant to multiply in bean leaves. Values represent the average plate counts from crushed plant leaves of two independent inoculations. Wild-type (●), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61; hopPsyA mutant (◯), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61-2070.

FIGS. 16A–B illustrate the interaction of HopPsyA and Mad2 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. FIG. 16A illustrates cultures of yeast EGY48 strains containing either pLV24 (pEG202::′hopPsyA) and pJG4-5 (fish-vector), pLV24 and pLV116 (pJG4-5::mad2), or pEG202 (bait vector) and pLV116 on medium containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (Xgal) to check for β-galactosidase activity with either glucose (Glc) or galactose (Gal). β-galactosidase activity was indicated only in the presence of both HopPsyA and Mad2. FIG. 16B illustrates cultures of the same yeast strains on minimal medium leucine dropout plates with either Glc or Gal sugars. 1=EGY48 (pLV24, pJG4-5); 2=EGY48 (pLV24, pLV116); 3=EGY48 (pEG202, pLV116).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A DNA molecule which contains the CEL of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 1) as follows:

ggtaccgggc tctgtgacgc agagcgtcac gcaaggcatt ccactggagc gtgaggaacg 60 ataatcctga cgacaactat cgtgcgacgc tccgcgtcgg catgccgttc tggacgctct 120 gcgtcctgtc ttgagaggtg cgccaagcgc aaagcacggt aagtatcagg gaggggtgta 180 taggagggtt gcaaggcggg aggtgttcat atcaaggcag tgttcatgaa cccgtcttgc 240 ctgggctcat gaacacgttc ggcttacgcg gtcagtgcat ttcctcgctc aaatggtcca 300 gccctgccag catcaactca tgccggtgga tgtcgtccag gctggcgtag gaacccggtt 360 tttcgttgac cgcgtgccac accacaaagt cgcgtcgtac gtccagaaac aggaagtagt 420 gattgaaacg ctctgactcc ataaaacgtc gttgcagtgc atcacgcagt tgatcgggac 480 gcaacgcgcg gccttctatg tgcaaggcga tcccccaatc atggtgttcg cgccgactga 540 caaacgcgac gccattggcc actggccata ctgctgggct ctgggcggca acctgagcgt 600 aaaatgccga cttttccgtt acctcaatca tttctaatcc tttaactgca cgacagtgta 660 atcccgctca tggtcccggt cgtccagacc ttcgcgcatg tcgggcggcc accaaatgac 720 cagctcgcgg ttgttggagt ccgggcgttt gcaagcgttc cccgcacagc cgtgggtggc 780 acaccctgtc agcgtagcaa acagcaagag caagagcgtt aggctacgaa tcatcatggt 840 ttcgctcccc ggagcagtga cggcctgctt tctttggcca ttttagatat ctgcggctgg 900 cgcacagcga tgtacacctc actttcttca cccggctgca gccatgcatg aggccaggcc 960 gcaacgccga tgacccagcg accgccgcat cggctttcgt cgatacgtac cggcttgtcc 1020 gtgttgttac gcgcaaccac cacagcaaca ccccagtctt ttttgacgaa ccactgcgag 1080 cgctgcccat caagcgtcag accttcgccc ggatcacaca gacttcgtgt ttcaaagggc 1140 agggtctggc cagcgcgcag gccttccggg gcggggccgt cgatcatttg ggtaaagact 1200 ttctggatgt cgccccgcgt tggcagtcgg cctccgtcac gtcgttcctt gattttcttc 1260 atctggtcat cgacgtcatg ggggttgccg ttctgtacat agcgtgctgg attgacctga 1320 tcgccgatca gtcgaggggt cagaatgaac agccgctcgc gctgactcag ttcgcgactg 1380 cgggactgga acagcagctt gccgatatag ggaatgtcgc ccaacagcgg gatcttgtga 1440 atcctgtcat tggcttccag accgtggaag ccgccgatga ccagcgagcc gtgctcggca 1500 atcaccgcct gggtgctgac attgcctcgg cgcacactgg gttgggtgtc attgatcgtc 1560 gacacatcga tctggccatc ctcgatgtcc acgatcattt ggacctgagg cttgccatcg 1620 ttgtccagcg aacgcggaat cacttgaagg ctggtgcccg ccgtgatggg cagaatgtca 1680 gcggcccgct cggaagtggg cgtcaggtat tcggtgcgac tgaggtcgat cactgcaggc 1740 tgattctcca gggtcaggat cgacgggttg gcgatgactg acgcagaacc attgccttca 1800 agcgcatgca attcggcaga aaacttgctg gcgttctgca agaacaacgt tgaactggtg 1860 ccgccatcaa acaggttggc acccacctcc gacgctgccg ggcattgaaa ttccagccga 1920 ctggacagtt cagccagttc attggggtcg atgtcgagaa tgaccgcatc gatttcgatc 1980 aggttgcgcg gaacgtccag ctccttgacc agtttctggt acatggcctt gcgctctggc 2040 aggtcgtaaa tcaatacgga gttgttacgc acatcagcgc ttacgcggat attgccttgc 2100 ctgaggcatg acccttggca gtttttttgc tgttgaagtt caatacgcgg tgcaatgccc 2160 ctgttgcagt gctcccgtat cgataccatt ggagcccagg ttgtaaggca ggccggggcc 2220 gcgacacctg tgctgttggc aacactgctg ccctgccccg ccaacaagtt cacgctgtca 2280 atgctttcgc cacgcgaacg gctttccagc agctcttgaa gaatactggc gacaccggcc 2340 accactaact gctggtcacg gtagcgaata gtccgatcag ccgcgttggc gtatttgagt 2400 ggcagcacga caacatcttg cttgtcggcc ttctcgtcgg gcttttcgac tttcttgctg 2460 tagtcgcgca caaactccac giatttggcc ggaccacgaa ccagaaccac gccttcgtca 2520 ggcagcgagc cccagcccaa acgcttgtca acaagaccga catcggtcag cgccgtttgc 2580 aggtcgtcca ccgcatccgg cgagacttcg atgcgccccg aggtgtgctc gctggaaggg 2640 ctgacataca gcgtgtcgtt atagacgaac cactggaagt ggtattcctg actcagccgc 2700 tcaagaaact cttcagggtt ctgagcacga atacgtccat cgaggtttcc ctggacaggc 2760 gacatgtcga gcgacatacc gaactccctg gcaaagtcag ccagggcagt agacaactcg 2820 gtctgccggg catcataggc gtaggcggtg tgtttccagg cttctggggt gaccgcccac 2880 gtggcaggga tcaccccgat caacaataaa ggcaaccaca ttaaggcctt gcgcatttca 2940 cactcccggt tgccggtgat tgaggatcga acgcccggac aaagtgggcg tcgtgttacg 3000 aatagtggtt tgcatcaggc tgagcatgcc cgcgcgctga ttggccaggc tttccagacg 3060 atcgagcagg tcaccgaggc tgcaggggtt tgccatccag ctgaccagca ctacgcagcg 3120 ggtctgcgga tcgatggcca gcgcgccgtc gcaggcacac gccaggcttg cgccgccctc 3180 gccaagcaag gcttcgagcc gttgcgggtc accggcgtcg tacgggtcga gcagttcgat 3240 actgcaacgc accccgtcgc cgacgaccgc cagccgagca ttggcgtcat cgatccagca 3300 gtccagcggc atcgctggac gctgggcaga ccactggcca acgatctcgg tgaattcact 3360 gaattccatc gatgactgct ttattgatac cgtgcttggc acgcaggcat tcattgacgg 3420 caataccggc gacatcgacc tgctgctggg acatcgtgaa tgcctgcagg tcttcgacgg 3480 tgccactctc ggaggcttcc atcgctgcct ggtccatgtt ggtgtgagca cggctcaccg 3540 aattgtcgag atggcgttgc aagctgttga aactgatcat gtcctggtgc tccagcagaa 3600 gggttcaaac cttgagtgga gcaaacccgc cgagcggttc catcatgcga tcaagtgagt 3660 gcagagagtg tgtatcaggc agcaggctcg acacccagca gccccttgcg caggtctgcc 3720 caagcgatat cgaacgcgcc attggcatcg ctcagacgca agctgtccga ggcgatcgtt 3780 gcatcgcgct tgagttgcca gtgctcggaa aaacggctgt ctgccagcca ctcagccacg 3840 gggtcggcta tttgggggtg aacactgagc gtcgcgaccg cttcattgag ctggctggcg 3900 gccaggtttc tggccagcgc ccgcgcacgt tcggccagcg tggtgtcgtc taacaagtgc 3960 cgcagggatt cactcaacag ttcttctacg gcggtcattg cctgctcctg caacgcctcg 4020 cgctgcacct gaagctcgcc gagaaacgcg ttggcgtttt cccagaactg cgccagcgcc 4080 tgctgctgaa ggtgctcggc tttctcttgc tcaagggcca gtatctgcgt ggcctgctgc 4140 cgcgcgtctg ccaggatgtc gcgcgccagc aggctgtcgg cgatgtcttc gcggcgcaag 4200 atcggttcgc gcagcagcgt agcggccgtc agagcaatac tgcgtttggc gagcatgggc 4260 gtattcctga tgcagagaag ctggttcgga ttcaggcagc cgtgacgcgc cacatgatgg 4320 cctgccataa cgcctgaagt ttgttttcgg gtgccttgcc gggggtgtcg ggcacttcat 4380 tgggcgggca ctccagacac agtcgcgacc agtattgcgg cccaagccag gcgcccagca 4440 gaagacgcgc gtcctcgtgt tcaaactcca gccagacacc ggggcgcagc gctttggtca 4500 acccccagca ccattgaccg tcaggtccgt cgctttcgtt acgggagaag cagatgcact 4560 gcgccaggct tagcgcctgc tcacgctgcg agggcgtcag cgccaaccag cgcagcaccg 4620 gttccgcggg cgctggcggc tgagccgggt caatgcccag actctgcaga aacacgccat 4680 gacggctggc catgagcgca tcgcagtcac tgaccgataa cccacgagcg ttggcgaatc 4740 ggtcatgcca ctccgaatgt gcccactgcc aggggttgca ccaccagtga atccagtgat 4800 cctcggcaga aaggctcatc atgcacgtgc cggcagcgtt gaacgaccgc gactgccaaa 4860 cccgatccgt cgcaacagac tggcgcgcca gtcactgcgc accagcagtg caccgatcag 4920 caacaccaac gcaagaccga caggtgccac ccagagcatc aggttccaga acggcaagtt 4980 cgtgctgtcc agcttgaagg gcccgaagct cacccattgc gtggtctctt ggaactctgc 5040 agcaggcaca aacacgatgg aaaacttttt cgaatcgaca gattgcgtgg acataccggg 5100 aatactgctg gcgaccatct gttgaatacg tccgcgcaca ctgtcgggat caagtgcagc 5160 agagtgcttg atgaacaccg cagcagaagc cggttgaaca ggttcgcccg gcgcgatgcg 5220 ctcgggcagc accacatgca ccctggccac aatgactccg tcgatctgcg acagcgtggc 5280 ttcaagttcc tgggacaagg cgtagatgta acgggcacgc tcttcaagcg gcgtcgaaat 5340 caccccttcc ttcttgaaaa tctcccccag cgtggtgcgc gagcgccgag gcagacccgc 5400 agcgtcgagc acgcgcacgg cgcggttcat ttcgctggtg gcgacagtca cgacaacgcc 5460 ggttttctcc agacgtttac gcgcatcgat atgctgatcg gcgaggcgcg ctacgacctc 5520 attggaatcc tgctcggaca agccagtgaa caaatcagtc tcatcactgc agccgccgag 5580 cagcagcatg cacaacagca gcagccctgc gctcagaaaa ttcacggaaa cctctactgc 5640 aggttggtca acttgtcgag cgcctgagcg ctcttgctca cgaccttggt cgtcaacgcc 5700 atttgcaacg agcactgcga caacgcccga ctcatctgca cgatgtctcc aggatcttcg 5760 gtgttcgaca ctttcttcat ctggcgtaat gcttgctgtg aaagcttctc ggtactgccc 5820 agccgctcgg acagcgcact ggctatccgg tcggacaggt gcgacgctgc tggcccgctg 5880 tcagggcgca tcgccgcatt gaataggtcg acatccgcct gaacgggttc ggagccgagc 5940 ccctgatgag cattctgccc aagctccggc gatacacttt tcaaattgct gagttgggaa 6000 atggtcacac tggttctccg tcaggcggct gtcagtcagg ccacagcctg gttagtctgg 6060 ttattggtgc cttgcaacag cgcattgatc agctgagctg ccacttgcgc agcgctcgat 6120 tgcaggtcgg cgccggtgtt gccagcatcc tgaagcgtcg cttccagccc gcgttgacgc 6180 aagccgctca gcagttgacc caggtcctga ttggacacgt tgcccgtcgg gttagccact 6240 ggcgtgccac ctgtcggctg cgtggaattg tcgaccggtg taccaagacc accacccgac 6300 gaaaccgact gcaaaccacg gtcgatgagt tgaccgatca gttgacctac gtcgacgctg 6360 gcattgccat tggccgcggg acctgtgttg gcatcgattg caggattacc cagggagctg 6420 tcactcacgg gcgaacccag accgccgcca ctggtaacgc cactggcatc accttgttgc 6480 tggccgagct gttgaccaat gacgtcgaga gccgaacgaa actgagcggt ttcctgtgca 6540 tccaggccat tgtcttcctt cagctcgttc atccacgagc cgccgtcccg agtagggaac 6600 tgggccttgt tgtcgtccat gaactgggca actttttcca gggtcggcat gtcatcactg 6660 gaaaaggttg ttccgccttc accactcggt gtcagcagat cgtccagcac ggctttgccg 6720 aggccgttca ggacctggct catcagatcg gattgcccgg cacccgcgtc gctgctcaga 6780 ccgccaccga cacccgaacc agaacccgcc ccgccaatgc caccgccacc gccacccgcg 6840 ccgatgccgg cagaggcacc gaaattgtcg ccgagctttt cgtggatcag cttgtcgagc 6900 gatgcagtga tgtcatcgat gctgttagcc gacttgccat ccgcagccat ggccttggcg 6960 agcattttgc cgagcggtga ggtttcatcg agctgcccac tttgggtcag cgcctgaacc 7020 agctgatcga tcacagcctt gagctctttg ctggaagtgc tggtgttggc gctcacatcg 7080 ctgttgagcg acacggggaa caatgatgca gaggtttgca acgaactgat gctgttaagt 7140 gcttgcataa aacgcccatc ccaaggtagc ggccccctct gatgaggggg caatcagaaa 7200 taattagtaa ctgatacctt tagcgttcgt cgctgtggca ctgatcttct tgttggtaga 7260 gtcttctttg ccggcctgga tggcgttgag cacgtccatg gtctgcttct tcattgtttc 7320 ctgggcctgc atcgcgatca gcttcgcgcc gttggcgtcg gactctttac tggccttggc 7380 ttgtgcatca accgacaggc tgtcgccggt gcccaaaaga atgtttttct gaagagtggc 7440 gttggaagca accgtgttga caccctgcaa tgcgccgccg acaccgccaa cggcgctgtt 7500 accaaggttg gtgagtttgg aggttaatcc tgcaaatgcg accatgattt gatgcccctt 7560 aagatttacc agcgtgattg cttggtactc actaggtggc agcagcctgc gatacggttc 7620 cagcgtcttt gcaaaaaatc agatctgcaa ttctttgatg cgtcgataga gcgtacgggc 7680 gtggcagtcc agttccaggc ttaccgaatc caaacaattg tcgtggcgct tgagcgactc 7740 ctgaatcagg gctttttcat caactcgcaa ttgcgatttg agcccacagg ccaagtgctc 7800 ttcgccctgc ggctcggcgc ccagcaaggg gaaacccagc acatggcgtt tggctgcagc 7860 cttgagctca cggatattgc cgggccagtc gtggcccagc agcactttgt gcagcagtgg 7920 gcaaacatcg ggaacgggaa caccgagctc cctcgcggcg gcggccgtaa aacgtgtgaa 7980 caggggaact atgcgatcag actggttacg tagcggagga agcttgagtg tcaggacgtt 8040 caggcgaaaa tacagatcgc gacgaaactg cccccgctcg acggcgtcgt ccagcgagca 8100 ttgggcggag gcgatcacgc agatatccag gttgatcgtc gacgtcgaac ccagccgttc 8160 aagcgctcgg gtttccagca ccctcagcaa tttggcttgc agggccagcg gcatgctatc 8220 gatctcatcc aggtacagcg tgccgccctg cgccgcttcg acataaccga ctctggagcg 8280 atcagcgccg gtgtaggcac cgctgaccac gccgaataac tcgctctcgg cgagggactc 8340 cggaatggcc gcgcaattca tcgccaccag gcgccctttg cgggctgaca tctcatgaat 8400 ccgtcgggca atcgtgtctt tgcccgtgcc ggtctcaccc gatagcagca cgtcgatacc 8460 cagttgcgaa atactttcgg caactatccc cagattcgga acccgctcct cgtccagatc 8520 atcctcaaac ctttcatcaa gactcatccc atgaccccca ggacatcaac gttggataac 8580 cacacctgcg tcacagaccc cggacctcgc agagtatcgg cgctgcaact cccagttcct 8640 tcatgcggtg atacagggtg cgtcttggca actccaactc ctgaagcacc gcgtcgaaat 8700 tgtgcctgtg ccgcttcaag gcatcctgga tgagcatttt ctcgatgatg cgcatttgcg 8760 tgcgcagccc cgtggcaggg tcaagcgctt ccacagggtc ggcgcccagc aaggggaagc 8820 cgagtacgaa gcgcttggct gcagacttca attcgcggat gttgcccggc cagtcgtggc 8880 tgagcagcag ctgcacacgc ccgctgtcca gcgcaggagc gggacgtccg aactcggcag 8940 cgataccctg ggtgaactgg tcgaacaatg gcaggatctg ttcacgacgt ttgcgcaagg 9000 ctggcaagtg aagcgtcagc acgttgagcc gaaaaaacag gtcgcgacgg aaaagtcctt 9060 gttccaccag ttcatccagt ggccgctggg ccgaggcaat gatccgcaga tccaccggga 9120 tgaattcggt cgagcccaga cgctcgatac ctcgactctc caacacacgc agcagtttgg 9180 cctgcaggct caacggcatg ctgtcgattt catccaggta caaggtgcca ccactggagg 9240 cctctatgta gccctcgcga gcccggcata cgccggtgaa tgcaccgttg accacaccga 9300 ataactggct ctctgccagc gactcgggaa tggcggcgca gttcatgccc acaaagggtc 9360 ccgacctgct ggacaactcg tgaatgcggt tggccagtgt gtccttgccg gtgccggttt 9420 ccccgcacaa cagcaagtcc atatccagaa acgcgctatt cattgcaatt tgatgacccg 9480 ctgataatgc agttacgccc caacactctc ggacgtcctt atcgatgcct gtactcatcg 9540 ttgcactctc atggtgggtg gcaagcggag tattaatacc acgtcttaca aggcagaaat 9600 atattaattt agttccccgg gaaatgagaa aaagatcaca aagttgagaa ttactatcat 9660 attaatatca ccataccaag acgaccctac cgatagactc aggctcttga gatgattgct 9720 ttaatctatc gttactccaa tgcgaacaag cgcttacagc gtccatgcgc tggctcgccc 9780 cgcaagccat agggcctctc cacacctcaa agcagctgtg atccgggaca agagcaggca 9840 cctttgagca gcaagcgccc caaaatcgcg caatgaaacg caactaactt ctcgtcacta 9900 ctcgagagaa acatataaga cttttccaaa acaactaaag gggtcacaag taaggaagca 9960 gaagaaaacc gaacacacaa aacaagaaaa ccaaacggtt tttagcggcg agcttaaaga 10020 agcgaacaac aataacacga gaaaacaaaa aacagcctga cactaactat ttgcacttta 10080 gaacagtcga taccaaccag cttagttccg ccccacgagc agtcggattt ccgaacaaca 10140 cagaggcttg gatactggca aagcggtcat agccccggtt tttcggcacc actcagtact 10200 ggcatttagt catcatcgca ttcggcaatc cgaacaaaag cccacctgct tagactattt 10260 ccaggcacag ccatctaagg aatcgcggaa aggattcagc gtagcttaat accggaaccg 10320 caggtttagg ttctgtgaac caggcggtta atacgatcga tgatcgcgtg ccatcaccta 10380 gaatgtttct aaatgtgtgt aatctttcac ttacattcgg ctaaaaaagt tcatcaaaat 10440 aatcatatgt agcgctctac atcatatggc taagcgccat ctttagggtc caaaaaacgg 10500 gtaacgctca ataaaagaag ttgtattgag gcagatcaat attgtccgac aacgagaaaa 10560 agcaccaaaa aagtgcgctt ttcaggggtt ttcaatagaa caatcgagta aaaccggggt 10620 tattggcgtg gatcactggc aaaaaccacg acgcgcggcc ccgtaggcag ctcgcgcgga 10680 ccgctgcgat actcgtcgtc atcacgcttg cgaggcgacg aacggtcatc cctgatgcgg 10740 ggcaactgta tccggtttgt aagcggatca ggttccacaa caggtgcgga ttgggcgatc 10800 tctaccgccg gcgctgattc agctgcagga gctggctgta acgcctcagg cgcagtgggc 10860 tgctgagcca ccggcaacgg ctgagccgtt ttgggcgaag gcaggttctc ggctaactgg 10920 gccgactgca cgggcttggg cagcggcgga cgctctgcaa cgcgcactgg acgctcagcc 10980 acaggcgcgg gcgcgggcag acgctcagcc gcccgtttca caatggctga aggggtgacc 11040 agcgggatgc tggcagtcac cggggactca ccggtaatgc gcgcgatgct ggtcgtgagc 11100 acgcgattct gggttttagg tatcagcaga cgtcccggtc catcgaaggt ctttttgcgc 11160 aggaatgccg agttcagccg caacaactgg ccctcatcca cacccgccgt ggccgcgagc 11220 tgggtcaggt ctacggcatg gttaagctcg actacgtcaa aatacggcgt gttggcgacc 11280 ggggtcagtt tcacaccgta ggcattgggg ttgcgcacaa ccattgagag cgccaacagt 11340 ctgggcacgt aatcctgggt ttccttgggt aaattcagat tccagtagtc cacaggcaga 11400 ccacgccgtc ggttggcctc aatcgcccga ccgacggtgc cctcccccgc gttataggcg 11460 gccagcgcca gcagccagtc attattgaac tgatcatgca agcgggtcag gtaatccatc 11520 gccgccttgc tggaggccac cacgtcacgg cgagcgtcgt aggtcgcgct ttgatgcaga 11580 ttgaagctgc gccccgtgga tggaatgaat tgccacaaac ctgccgcagc ggccggagag 11640 ttggccatgg ggttataaga gctttcgatc atcggcagca gtgccagctc cagcggcatg 11700 ttgcgctcgt ccaggcgctc gacaataaaa tgcagataag ggctggcccg gacactggct 11760 cccgtgataa atccgcgatt gctcagcaac cagtcgcgct ggcgagcgat acgctcattc 11820 atgccttggc catcgaccag cctgcagcgc tgggcaaccc gctgccacac gtcctcgccg 11880 ttataaacag gcagatcgga gattttgtct gcagcccgcg aaccttcctt atcatctccc 11940 ccccaataga ccagccccga caccagccgc ggcggacggt cctgacgcgg cggcgaatag 12000 tccacagact ggcagcccac acacaaggcg cccatagcga ggactgcgat ttgaacagcg 12060 cgagccagca agcgtgggct cgatacgggg aaggcgacgg cgggcatggg cgggaatgtc 12120 ctgagcgtgt ccaccctacg tggcacgctc gccgttacgg ttcccttttg aaaccgagat 12180 cggcgcacac aacgcattgc tgaatccttt cagccgtaag tttttccgat ggaacccgct 12240 ggcattgcat gccactcatc ctgtgaagga attttcacgt ttggtatcag gcggctatca 12300 gcgataaaat ggacagagag attcaccgtg cagtcaccat cgatccaccg gaacaccgga 12360 agcatcattc agccaaccgt cacccctgac gcacgtgctg caactgacct gcaggaaaga 12420 gccgaacaac ccaggcaacg ctcttcgcac tcgttgagca gtgtcggcaa gcgggcgctg 12480 aaaagcgtcg gtaaattgtt ccagaaatcc aaagcgccgc agcagaaagc tgccacgccg 12540 cccaccgcga aaaacgtcaa gacgcccccg cctgcttcaa atgtggctac gcccagaaac 12600 aaagcccgcg aatccggttt ttccaacagc agcccgcaaa atacccatag ggcacccaag 12660 tggattctgc gtaaccaccc caaccaggcg agcagctcgg gcgcgcagac gcatgaaata 12720 cacccggagg cagccccccg taaaaacctg cgcgtaaggt ttgatctgcc gcaagaccgc 12780 cttgagcgca gcccgtcgta cctcgattca gacaacccga tgaccgatga agaagcggtc 12840 gcaaatgcca ctcgccaatt ccggtcacct gacagtcacc tgcagggctc tgacggtacg 12900 cgcatttcaa tgctggccac agatcctgat cagcccagca gctccggcag caaaatcggt 12960 gattcggacg gaccgattcc gccgcgcgag cccatgctgt ggcgcagcaa cggaggccgt 13020 ttcgagctga aagacgaaaa actggttcgc aactcagagc cacaaggcag cattcagctg 13080 gatgccaagg gaaagcctga cttctccacg ttcaatacgc ccggcctggc tccattgctc 13140 gattccattc ttgccacacc caagcaaacc tacctggccc accaaagcaa agacggcgtg 13200 cacgggcacc agttgctaca ggccaacggg cactttctgc acctggcgca agacgacagc 13260 tcgctggccg tgatccgtag cagcaacgaa gcactcctta tagaaggaaa gaaaccaccg 13320 gccgtgaaaa tggagcgtga agacggcaac attcacatcg acaccgccag cggccgcaaa 13380 acccaagagc tcccaggcaa ggcacacatc gctcacatta ccaatgtgct tctcagtcac 13440 gacggcgagc gtatgcgtgt gcatgaggac cgtctctatc agttcgaccc gataagcact 13500 cgctggaaaa taccggaagg cctggaggat accgctttca acagcctgtc cactggcggc 13560 aacggctcgg tttatgcaaa aagtgacgat gccgtggtcg acttgtcgag cccgttcatg 13620 ccgcacgtgg aagtcgaaga cctgcagtca ttttcagtcg cgccggacaa cagagcagcg 13680 ttgctcagcg gcaaaacgac ccaggcgatc ctactgactg acatgagccc ggtgattggc 13740 gggctgacgc cgaaaaaaac caaaggcctt gagctcgacg gcggcaaggc gcaggcggcg 13800 gcggtcggtt tgagtggcga caagctgttt atcgctgaca ctcagggcag actttacagt 13860 gcggaccgta gcgcattcga gggcgatgac ccgaaattga agctgatgcc cgagcaggca 13920 aactttcagc tggaaggcgt gcccctcgga ggccacaacc gcgtcaccgg attcatcaac 13980 ggggacgacg gcggtgttca cgcgctgatc aaaaaccgtc agggcgagac tcactcccac 14040 gctttagacg agcaaagctc aaaactgcaa agcggctgga acctgaccaa tgcgctggta 14100 ctgaacaaca atcgcggcct gaccatgccc ccgccaccca ccgccgctga ccggctcaac 14160 ctcgatcgtg cgggcctggt tggcctgagt gaaggacgca ttcaacgctg ggacgcaacg 14220 ccagaatgct ggaaagacgc aggcataaaa gatatcgatc gcctgcaacg cggcgccgac 14280 agcaatgctt atgtactcaa gggcggcaag ctgcacgcac tcaagattgc ggccgaacac 14340 cccaacatgg cttttgaccg caacacagca ctggcccaga ccgcacgctc gacaaaagtc 14400 gaaatgggca aagagatcga aggcctcgac gaccgagtga tcaaagcctt tgcaatggtc 14460 agcaacaaac gcttcgtcgc cctcgatgac cagaacaagc tgaccgccca cagtaaggat 14520 cacaaacccg tcacactcga cattcccggg ctggaaggcg atatcaagag cctgtcgctg 14580 gacgaaaaac acaacctgca cgccctcacc agtaccggcg ggctttactg cctgcccaag 14640 gaagcctggc aatcgacaaa gctgggggac cagttgcgag cccgctggac gccggttgcg 14700 ctgcccggag ggcagccggt aaaggcactt ttcaccaacg acgacaacgt gctcagcgcc 14760 cagatcgaag acgccgaggg caagggtctt atgcagctca aggcaggcca atggcaaagg 14820 ttcgaacagc gcccggtaga agaaaacggt ttgaatgatg tgcactcgcg catcacaggt 14880 tcaaacaaga cctggcgaat tccaaaaacc gggctgacgc tcagaatgga cgtcaataca 14940 ttcgggcgca gcggtgtgga gaaatccaaa aaagccagca ccagcgagtt catccgcgcc 15000 aacatctaca aaaacaccgc agaaacgccc cgctggatga agaacgtagg tgaccatatt 15060 cagcatcgct accagggtcg cctgggtctg aaagaggttt atgaaaccga gtcgatgctg 15120 ttcaagcaac tggagctgat ccatgagtcc gggggaaggc ctccggcacg gggtcaagac 15180 ctgaaagcgc gcatcaccgc actggaagca aaactggggc ctcaaggcgc tacgctggtc 15240 aaggaactgg aaaccctgcg cgacgagctg gaaaatcaca gctacaccgc gctgatgtcg 15300 atcggtcaga gctatggcaa ggcgaaaaac cttaaacagc aggacggcat tctcaaccag 15360 catggcgagc tggccaagcc gtcggtgcgc atgcagtttg gcaagaagct tgctgatctg 15420 ggcacaaagc tcaacttcaa aagctctgga catgacttgg tcaaggagct gcaggatgcc 15480 ttgactcaag tggctccgtc tgctgaaaac cccaccaaaa agttgctcgg cacgctgaag 15540 catcaagggc tgaaactcag ccaccagaaa gccgacatac ctttgggaca gcgccgcgat 15600 gccagcgagg atcatggcct gagcaaagcg cgcctggcgc tggatctggt cacactgaaa 15660 agccttggcg cgctgctcga ccaggtcgaa cagctaccgc cgcaaagcga catagagccg 15720 ttacaaaaaa agctggcgac gctgcgtgat gtgacttacg gcgaaaaccc ggtcaaggtg 15780 gtcacagaca tgggctttac cgataacaaa gcgctggaaa gcggttacga atcggtcaag 15840 acattcctca agtcgttcaa aaaagcggac catgccgtca gcgtcaatat gcgcgcagcc 15900 acaggcagca aggaccaggc cgagctggcc ggaaaattca aaagcatgct caagcaactg 15960 gagcatggcg acgacgaagt cgggctgcag cgcagctacg gagtgaacct caccaccccg 16020 ttcatcattc ttgccgacaa ggctacaggg ctctggccaa cggcaggtgc caccggtaac 16080 cgtaactaca tactcaatgc cgagcgttgc gagggcggcg ttacgctgta cctcattagc 16140 gaaggtgcgg gaaacgtgag cggcggtttc ggtgccggca aagactactg gccgggcttt 16200 tttgacgcaa ataatcctgc acgcagtgtt gatgtcggca acaaccgcac actgaccccc 16260 aactttcgcc tgggcgtgga cgtgaccgcc accgtcgccg ccagccagcg cgccggggtg 16320 gtcttcaatg ttccggatga agacatcgac gcattcgtcg acgacctgtt tgaaggtcag 16380 ttgaatccat tgcaggtgct gaaaaaagca gtggaccatg agagctacga ggctcggcga 16440 ttcaacttcg acctcacggc aggtggaact gccgatatac gcgccggaat aaacctgacc 16500 gaagaccgag acccgaatgc cgaccccaac agcgattcgt tttctgcggt agtgcgcggc 16560 ggattcgctg cgaacatcac cgttaacctg atgacctaca ccgattattc gttgacccag 16620 aaaaacgaca agaccgaact gaaggaaggc ggtaaaaacc gcccgcgctt tttgaataac 16680 gtgacggccg gcgggcagct tcgcgctcag atcggcggca gccacacggc ccccacaggc 16740 acacccgcct ccgccccagg ccccactccc gcatcacaaa cagccgccaa caacttgggc 16800 ggagcgctca atttcagtgt ggaaaacagg acggtcaaac ggatcaagtt tcgttacaac 16860 gtcgccaagc cgataacgac tgaaggtctg agcaaattgt cgaagggcct tggggaagcg 16920 ttcctggaca acacgaccaa agcaaaactg gcggagctgg ccgaccctct gaatgcacgc 16980 tacacaggca agaaaccgga tgaggttatt caggcgcaac tcgacgggct tgaagaactg 17040 tttgccgaca taccaccgcc caaagacaac gacaagcagt acaaggcatt gcgcgacttg 17100 aaacgcgcgg cggtcgagca tcgggcatca gccaacaagc acagcgtgat ggacaacgca 17160 cgctttgaaa ccagcaaaac caacctctcc ggcctgtcca gtgaaagcat acttaccaaa 17220 ataatgagtt ccgtgcgcga cgcgagcgcc ccgggcaatg cgacaagagt tgccgaattc 17280 atgcgccagg acccgaaact tcgcgccatg ctcaaggaga tggagggcag tatcgggacg 17340 ctggcacgcg tacggctgga accgaaggac tcactggtcg acaagatcga tgaaggcagc 17400 ctcaacggca ccatgactca aagcgacctc tccagcatgc tggaggatcg caacgagatg 17460 cgcatcaagc gtctggtggt attccacacc gcgacccagg ctgaaaactt cacctcacca 17520 acaccgttgg tcagctataa cagtggagcg aatgtgagcg tcactaaaac actggggcgc 17580 atcaacttcg tttatggcgc agaccaggac aagccgattg gttacacctt cgacggcgaa 17640 ttgtcacgac catcggcatc gctcaaggaa gcggctggcg acttgaagaa agaggggttc 17700 gaactgaaga gctaataacg aaaacagtaa aaaaagcgcc gcattgaagt ggcgcttttt 17760 tattcaagcc tgtaaaaaag cacgcgcttc acgtgcctgg gaaatgaacc cgcgcgtcac 17820 gtcacaaaac gctggctcat cgagtgaggc cagttcacgc tgcgcgcata gacggacatc 17880 tccctgatcg accgcaaacc agcagccatg caagcgcgct acgtcgaagt tcagactcaa 17940 cagacgcagc aaatcggggg ctcgttccgg gcagcggcca atgcggcaat gaaagatgac 18000 catctcactg tgctcgggca attcaatgat cgccgcttcg ttgttctgac cgtcataaag 18060 agcgcatacg ccgttctgca aggtcagtga cgtgccgagc tgggcgccca gagaattgat 18120 gaagcgggcg aaatcgggtt gcgaagtttt catcgtcata gtcctttaag gttaaaacag 18180 catgaagcat gccggacagc aggcgcctgc agcctgtgtc cggcgccggg attaacgcgg 18240 gtcaagcaag ccctcttcaa gtgccctcaa tgcgtcatcg tcttttgtcg gctgcttaag 18300 cgcctcgcgt gctgacgcga ctgcgttcaa cacaccttca tccacgaccc gaaccgtatc 18360 cacggccatc tgggtaggca actgcaatgc gcctcgtccc atgtgatagg cgttttccgc 18420 gactcgtggg ataccgctca acgtgctctt ctggaacgta tgtggcagag actccctgtt 18480 cggatgacgg atgttattca aagcgtctcg gtacggtcca gcataggtgt tgcaccgccc 18540 atgcctgccg ctttcaacgc cttggcttct gcggtaaccg actggttggt gtacaacgtg 18600 gacagatagg acaccgaacc cgtcgctgcc agggccatgt tgcgcaaaat agcccccgca 18660 ctgagcgtgc cacttgcgcc ttcagcctga gcggtcacag gcggcagtgc cgaggtcagt 18720 gcagaactct gaatacccga aagagccttg ctgtagaacg tggtgcgtac cgacggctcg 18780 cgcaggtcca tacctttgag caggtccttt ttcagatcgc tctcggcgcg gtccggggta 18840 aataccggaa ttttgcgccc ttgcgggtcg acataattcg acttcaattg cagcagcgtt 18900 tgcgaactgg cagacaccgc cccgccaaaa ccggatgcca gagctcttgc actcagcgtc 18960 tgcccattga tctggtgaac atcgttgagc atctggcgca cagcctgaga accaccgaag 19020 gcactgtaag ccatcagctc acctaccgga tgggtggacg aaccctgaac cttcttctgg 19080 ttcagcagcg cgcgttcact tttcacgaac gccttgtcct gagcgacttc ctcgggcgtt 19140 tttttgacca gctcaccgtg ttcgcttttc agctcgaagg ggtcaggaat aaccgtattg 19200 gtatccacag ccttcattgg caccatgttc aggcgttcgt tgaggccagt cttctgcaag 19260 gcggcctgaa acatcggctt gaccacgctg ttgaccgtct cgtgagcaat gcccgccacc 19320 atcccgatta tcgaagcctt gagcatgttg gcgtcgctgc tggtctcggg aatcgtgtct 19380 cgcagcttgt cgctggtgga caaacgcaca taacccaagt gtgtcattga agacaagaac 19440 tgcggaaccg cagccgcgac aatcggccct gcacctttcc agccacccac cgtgttacgg 19500 gcagtgacga gatcgctgac gacgttgtcc agttgcgtat gtgcggcgac cgaagcaagg 19560 cgcttggcct ccggcgactt gacgaaatcg gcgtgcaaac ctaccagggt ggttttggcg 19620 tcgaccagcg cctgcctgtc agcgtgcaga gactccttgt tgccctgttc ggcatcttgc 19680 agagtgagat ccagcgcact gatgtgctca tccagcgacg cgatgctgtt gctcaggcct 19740 tcgccgattg ccttgcttgc acgaccggcg tattcgccaa gggcagtctg actgacggca 19800 agcgtcgcct tgtccgcttt tgcatgctgg cctaccgttg cgggcgaagc gtcatgcatc 19860 agttgaaagt gctccagttg atcagcgacc gactgagcaa aacccttgat cagttgcccg 19920 acctcggctt tatccggtat ctgacccggc tgggcgaatt tttccagccg ctgctgcaag 19980 tccgagccct gaaactgctt cagttgatag cgctcaggag acaatttctc ggccatgact 20040 tcaaaaggca aaggctcggc ctgcagcaga ctaccgatca acaacgcagc acgcgaactg 20100 atcatcggcg cgccgctgac cggagccgtc ccatgctcag ccttgaaggc ctgcaaaagc 20160 tgtgtgtgtc gagccgcgac attcagccgc gccgcgccgg cagacgagct ttctgtcgcg 20220 tgtgaccctg actgatcggg agtcagcggc ggattcatgc ctgcagtgac tgcatttggg 20280 tgagctgtct gggcgggaac agtatcgtgc tgctggttta cccggctgag tttgacgcca 20340 ccggccccgc cgatccgcga actgatcatt ggaatctccc aggagccgaa aggctctcgc 20400 gtttggctgc tggggcaaca ggttggtccg tcgaggagcc tgcagttgtg gcctgcccca 20460 tgaatccatg ctcgcgccac tctttggcca ggtcggaaaa cgacttcatc aacaacagca 20520 cgccttcggc agaggctcgt tcaagggcca cagagcccat cagcagcaca cgaccggtct 20580 gcgcattaaa ggaaaatgcc gggctgtggg cgcccgcgaa catgtgaaag ttgatgtcca 20640 tcaacgccag caacgcgctc tcacggccgc gcgcgggcaa cgcgcccatg tcaccgtaga 20700 tcagaacggc acggccttcg tcgcggtcct gaaactgcag ggtgaagtcc acttcgctga 20760 ttttgaaatt ggcagattca tagaaacgtt caggtgtgga aatcaggctg agtgcgcaga 20820 tttcgttgat aagggtgtgg tactggtcat tgttggtcat ttcaaggcct ctgagtgcgg 20880 tgcggacgaa taccagtctt cctgctggcg tgtgcacact gagtcgcagg cataggcatt 20940 tcagttcctt gcgttggttg ggcatataaa aaaaggaact tttaaaaaca gtgcaatgag 21000 atgccggcaa aacgggaacc ggtcgctgcg ctttgccact cacttcgagc aagctcaacc 21060 ccaaacatcc acatccctat cgaacggaca gcgatacggc cacttgctct ggtaaaccct 21120 ggagctggcg tcggtccaat tgcccactta gcgaggtaac gcagcatgag catcggcatc 21180 acaccccggc cgcaacagac caccacgcca ctcgattttt cggcgctaag cggcaagagt 21240 cctcaaccaa acacgttcgg cgagcagaac actcagcaag cgatcgaccc gagtgcactg 21300 ttgttcggca gcgacacaca gaaagacgtc aacttcggca cgcccgacag caccgtccag 21360 aatccgcagg acgccagcaa gcccaacgac agccagtcca acatcgctaa attgatcagt 21420 gcattgatca tgtcgttgct gcagatgctc accaactcca ataaaaagca ggacaccaat 21480 caggaacagc ctgatagcca ggctcctttc cagaacaacg gcgggctcgg tacaccgtcg 21540 gccgatagcg ggggcggcgg tacaccggat gcgacaggtg gcggcggcgg tgatacgcca 21600 agcgcaacag gcggtggcgg cggtgatact ccgaccgcaa caggcggtgg cggcagcggt 21660 ggcggcggca cacccactgc aacaggtggc ggcagcggtg gcacacccac tgcaacaggc 21720 ggtggcgagg gtggcgtaac accgcaaatc actccgcagt tggccaaccc taaccgtacc 21780 tcaggtactg gctcggtgtc ggacaccgca ggttctaccg agcaagccgg caagatcaat 21840 gtggtgaaag acaccatcaa ggtcggcgct ggcgaagtct ttgacggcca cggcgcaacc 21900 ttcactgccg acaaatctat gggtaacgga gaccagggcg aaaatcagaa gcccatgttc 21960 gagctggctg aaggcgctac gttgaagaat gtgaacctgg gtgagaacga ggtcgatggc 22020 atccacgtga aagccaaaaa cgctcaggaa gtcaccattg acaacgtgca tgcccagaac 22080 gtcggtgaag acctgattac ggtcaaaggc gagggaggcg cagcggtcac taatctgaac 22140 atcaagaaca gcagtgccaa aggtgcagac gacaaggttg tccagctcaa cgccaacact 22200 cacttgaaaa tcgacaactt caaggccgac gatttcggca cgatggttcg caccaacggt 22260 ggcaagcagt ttgatgacat gagcatcgag ctgaacggca tcgaagctaa ccacggcaag 22320 ttcgccctgg tgaaaagcga cagtgacgat ctgaagctgg caacgggcaa catcgccatg 22380 accgacgtca aacacgccta cgataaaacc caggcatcga cccaacacac cgagctttga 22440 atccagacaa gtagcttgaa aaaagggggt ggactcgtcg agtccacccc ctttttactg 22500 tttagctaca gctcacagat tgcttacgac cgcataggcc gaaacggtat ttcacttgga 22560 gaagccgccg tgcccccctc ttctatatca gcttcacgag ccgggcgttg acgcaggtta 22620 ttgaccgtat tgcgcaagct ggcgccggta tgggtgatcg cctccccgcc catgtctttg 22680 acggtcttcg ccagtttgac ggtctggtcg gctacgtagc ctgtggtact ggatgcagtc 22740 gatttcaccg tgtcctgtat gaacgactcg gcttttttca ccgcgggatc ggttgtcagc 22800 gcggccgtgg tccagcctgc gaaaacggct gccgaacctg ccaggttggt caactgactg 22860 accgcggcct tggtcgccgg gtcggtgata tttttcgtcg ccatctcctg caacttgcct 22920 acccctgcaa agccacccgc cagggccaga ccgttttggg tcaggctgga cgctgacacc 22980 aggcttctta ccgcacccat tgcgtcggtc gccatatcca gtggcagacc ggccatccgc 23040 ttgccagcgt tgagcgccgc acccgagtag ctggccgatt tgattgcttt ataagcctcg 23100 agccagtcgt tttcttcgct cagttgagcc ttgggctctt tatccttcaa accgagcact 23160 aatgcaccgc cacgctggtg atcacgcgac tgcacactga gcaggcggtt gccaaagcct 23220 gcgttggcag ccagaccacc cgccatcgat acaccaaggt ccacagcacc ctgcacggcg 23280 ggtctggacg ccagtgccgg agccaatacg gtacgtacgg cgttgcgcgc cgagtacgtc 23340 tgaaccgcaa cccccgtgtc cagaacctgt cgagcaaggc ttggcgagtg gcgcttcacc 23400 gaagcggcca tcgcatcgtg gagcctgtcc ggcgaggcgc tcaggtaatg cagatcaccc 23460 gtcgcgcggt ccatcatctt ggtgcccacc tggtccatgg cgcccgacag cgctccggaa 23520 atgagcgggg tcagcggttt gagcggagcc ggcagccaat cgcccttgtt gatcgcaggc 23580 tgcatgtact gaagcaacga ggccatggca aagggcgtcg cccgcaacgc gcctgatgta 23640 gtcgtcgcca atcggtcgag cttttccgcc ttggcgaagg tgtcggcgat ggttgccggg 23700 gtttcccctt cgaagtgcag gcggctggcg cgcgtctcga tcagcgcagt gatctgcgca 23760 ttgtgtacgt caactgcagc ttggccatca gccgaatcgg ccggcggcag tttatgcgca 23820 gcgaacacat gatctgtcag gtaatcggca atcgcattta tctcgcgttg ctgatcggag 23880 ctgacagatc gcacagagct ggaggcaaga gacgcgtcgg acgctgtccg aaagctatcc 23940 gtcgcagtca caggcggttg ttggacgcgt cggttgatgt gcatggaaat tccctctcgt 24000 tctacggaag tttgaacagc gcagtgctga agcgggcgtg tccggagcga ctacttgcgt 24060 gaaagcaata cagtgaactg tcgatcaaac agcgccagaa acagcgaaac gtccggtcgt 24120 ccgccggttt aaaaggatcg acgaaggctg tgtggtcccg gatcggttga cggttccact 24180 gaataatctg cgtacgccca ctaccaagga ctgcgccgaa aaatcaccgt cgtttgtgtt 24240 gcagattacg caaattgaaa ttaagcgagc tttaaggatg gcagcgtaag ttcacaacat 24300 ggcttggcgc ttagcgagta agcgccttct tccaaaccag caaaggagtg ccgcaatgtc 24360 tggtcctttc gagaaaaaat ggcggtgttt cacccgaacc gtgacctacg ttggctggtc 24420 gctgttctgg cttctgctct gggacgtggc cgtcaccgtg gacgtcatgc tgatagaagg 24480 caaaggcatc gacttccccc tgatgcccct cacgttgctt tgctcggcac tgatcgtgct 24540 gatcagcttt cgcaactcga gtgcctataa ccgttggtgg gaagcgcgca ccttgtgggg 24600 cgcaatggtc aacacttcac gcagttttgg ccggcaggta ctgacgctga tcgatggcga 24660 acgggatgac ctcaacaacc ctgtcaaagc catactcttt caacgtcatg tggcttactt 24720 gcgtgccctg cgcgcgcacc tcaaaggcga cgtcaaaaca gcaaaactcg acgggttact 24780 gtcgcccgac gagattcagc gcgccagcca gagcaacaac ttccccaatg acatcctcaa 24840 tggctctgct gcggttatct cgcaagcctt tgccgccggc cagttcgaca gcatccgtct 24900 gacccgcctg gaatcgacca tggtcgatct gtccaactgt cagggcggca tggagcgcat 24960 cgccaacacg ccactgccct acccctacgt ttatttccca cggctgttca gcacgctgtt 25020 ctgcatcctg atgccgctga gcatggtcac caccctgggc tggttcaccc cggcgatctc 25080 cacggtggta ggctgcatgc tgctggcaat ggaccgcatc ggtacagacc tgcaagcccc 25140 gttcggcaac agtcagcacc ggatccgcat ggaagacctg tgcaacacca tcgaaaagaa 25200 cctgcaatcg atgttctctt cgccagagag gcagccgctg ctggctgacc tgaaaagccc 25260 cgtaccgtgg cgcgtggcca acgcatcaat tggcggtctg agcaggcaga aaaacaggtt 25320 aggggaaggc gcgaggctta tcgcaagtga aagtctgctd tgggcaccat ttcgctcagt 25380 tgcagacgtt gctccgtgcc acgccagtgc gtacctacgt cgcgcttgaa cacatcagca 25440 agaaaatggc tcatgttgct gaagctgtct gcctgaacca cgccaaaaag aggatcaaaa 25500 aaatgcagac atccctgact gtcctgatgc agagccatcg catggctatc actcaaaaac 25560 agaagcatct ggtctttacc gggctgcaac actgctttga gatcgcgatc aaggttttcc 25620 agagcaaccg catagtgcgc gtgctgtgct ctgcccagcc cttttccaag tgtcatgccc 25680 aacttgggaa gtgtgtccag aagcataggt gctgcgttct gcaacttgtt tgaataggcc 25740 tgctgctcga tatgctggaa gcccattacc ctgggtagca atgcatcgcc ctgatagtcc 25800 tccagtttgt gaaagaaggc ctcatccgac tgcccttttg cacggctctg acaccaattt 25860 actgatagcc ccagacaagc gtgcccgtcg ccacccgcgc ggccatagtc agcagcaaac 25920 gctctatcat cgatagtttt ttcaaataga aatttgctct ggtgaaacgg gtggacaagc 25980 tgacagccgt gctcttgggc aatctttctt ttggcttcga tgttcgcagt cgcgcctatg 26040 ctgttgtccg ccatagcctt gattctggtc ttgatgtatt gcgtggcgcc gtcacgtaat 26100 gaggcgatag agaccatcag atccggtagc agggtacgca acgaatgaag ctggggttgt 26160 acctgctcgg gactgggaag atcagcggca tcgaccgacg aaaaggaaga gcgcgcatcg 26220 aaaaagacct cttcatgccc ctccaatggg acaaaggcgc ccgccttttc gggatgaaaa 26280 cgggcgaacg catccgacga accgggggcg agtccggaca atgacgaggg cttatcgtgt 26340 tgcgtcttag cggcaacccc tgattgggcg ccagattgct ggatatacat aaaccgccct 26400 ctgtcaggtc atgaacgttc gtggggtcag atggacagcc ggtaagaacc gaggctcttt 26460 ctgggcggtt tttccggctt gctcctggcg tcgataatct tccagatagc gctgcaacga 26520 gacggccaat gtgctaattc gcgtcatgag gtgatcaagt ccggtctcat ccagatccgc 26580 cattgagtgc acactgcgca acaacagttc ccttgaatca gggttatagc caagcgcagc 26640 gccacctgtg cgagcaggct ccagattcag cgccattgcc agaatcaaaa tgacgttgtc 26700 ctgcggcatc gtcagccttt cgatctgtgt gaagatgaac aacgaagtgt cctgttctgg 26760 caaccagagc agacactcgc ttccattcgc ggtccttacg ttgtggcgtt gaccctcctg 26820 cgcatcgatg cctcgattgc gcagccactg ataaagccga tcttttgcct cgacaggccg 26880 catggaaatt ccccgctcgt ttaacgatga ttttcctctg tggttcaaga cgtgatgcgg 26940 ttccctttag ggtttgcact aatatcaatg cgattcttgt aaaaatcgac tcgtgagtgc 27000 cgccgatggc aaaggtaacg ggatgggcag cgagtttttg gtaacgttgc cgttgttgca 27060 gggttgaatt tgttgggtga cgttaaaacg aaggaatgta tgcttaaaaa atgcctgcta 27120 ctggttatat caatgtcact tggcggctgc tggagcctga tgattcatct ggacggcgag 27180 cgttgcatct atcccggcac tcgccaaggt tgggcgtggg gaacccataa cggagggcag 27240 agttggccca tacttataga cgtgccgttt tccctcgcgt tggacacact gctgctgccc 27300 tacgacctca ccgcttttct gcccgaaaat cttggcggtg atgaccgcaa atgtcagttc 27360 agtggaggat tgaacgtgct cggttgatcc atatttttac tgcgacagaa gagtgcggcc 27420 ccgacgcttt tggagagcac accagggatt caaacccgcc ttaaaagctt tatatgcgtg 27480 gcatgcacct cgtcaactgc ctgaaagccg caacgtaagt aaaattttgc tccgctcgga 27540 gtatcagtga acaggcgcac ggcgaaaaat tcctgcgccg catgctccac aagtcgattc 27600 accagagtct ttccaaggcc ttgacctctt gatgcgcttg cgacgtataa ccgtcgtagc 27660 ctgcccatat caccccgggc atgcggatca cgcgaaaggc ctccgatacc tgccagagcg 27720 ccgtccagaa gtacgaccat gaggcattca cccttggcct cgaatcgatt ctttccggac 27780 ctccactcct cgatcaagcg ggtaagaaac ctgaagccct ctgctactgc ctcttgctcc 27840 aggatcagaa cctgacaagg caattcagta atgatctgga cttctacctg tttcatctaa 27900 tgacctcatc cacagtggtc ctgcgctggc gaaaacacga gcaggtctgg acagaatgca 27960 tatgcaacag caaaggctgc aaccagtgca caccaccaga accgggttcg acagttaagc 28020 tgatatcatt caagcacctg caagccgagt agaagcacat gaaccgtcgc aagaaaatac 28080 agcaactgtt aaaggctcat gccaagaaag ccagcgctaa actggcaccg gcaaacaaat 28140 ccagctacgt gagcaaggct gatcggttga agctggcggc agagtccggt aacgacccga 28200 tcagttccgt cgaggactga acagcgacgt ttacgcgcca ccggtatggt caggctgttc 28260 attccgatgg agcgtattgc aaggagcctg ttcaacagct cacttacttc gcaaacgagt 28320 actcaccgcc ctgctccagc gcctggcgat acgcaggtct ttcctggcat cgttgtaccc 28380 aggctgcaag gttaggatgc ggctgcagca ttccctgcat tttggcgaat tcgccaatga 28440 agctcatctg aatatccgcg ccactcaatt cgtcgcccag cagataaggc gtcagcccca 28500 gagcttcatt cagatagccc agatagttgg ccagttcaga gtgaatgcgc ggatgcaaag 28560 gcgcgcccgc gtcacccagg cgaccgacgt acaggttgag catcagcggc agaatggccg 28620 aaccttcggc gaagtgcagc cattgtacgt actcatcgta ggtggcgctg gcaggatccg 28680 gttgcaggcg gccgtcgcca tgacggcgga tcaggtaatc gacgatggcg ccagactcga 28740 taaccacatg gggaccgtct tcgatcaccg gggatttgcc cagcggatga atggccttca 28800 gctcaggcgg cgcgaggttg gttttcgggt cgcgctggta gcgttttatc tcgtacggca 28860 ggccaagttc ttcgagtaac cacagaatgc gctgcgaacg tgagttgttc aggtggtgga 28920 caataatcat gtgggtctcc gctgggtgag agtgggatgt ctagaaaaag actgctgggc 28980 cgccgtagag tgccgtgaat cgaatgtcct ctggcgacct cagacgcgtc tgtcggcgca 29040 gagcgctgcc gactcaccgc gaagctgacg ctccactgcc gctttatcga ttaccgacca 29100 aacgccgatt atcttgccat cgctgaatgt gtagaacaca ttttcggaaa aggtgatgcg 29160 ccgtccctgt gtgtcctgcc ccagaaatcg accctgtggc gagcagttga agaccagccg 29220 ggcagcgacc tgtggtgctt caacgaccag caaatcgatc ttgaaacgca agtcggggat 29280 aatcctgacg tcgttttcca gcattgtttt gtagccggaa aggctgatca gctcaccgtt 29340 gtaatgcaca ttgtcatcga cgaagttgcc caactggtgc caactacggt cattoagaca 29400 ggcgatgtaa gcccgatagt gatcggtcag gttcatggcg cgccctcctt caggtgctca 29460 aagcagtcac tgtcaatcat ccagataacc cgcacagttt taacagagtc atagggaact 29520 cgtgcggccg acatcgccct aagcctcaca tctatgtact ggcgcgacgc tggtttcaag 29580 cgaaggactt cagattcatg tcttcaagta gcactacagc agcggctgac acgcaaggtc 29640 ggcaaaacgc ctcgcctaac cgactgattt tcatctccgt acttgtggca accatgggcg 29700 cgctcgcgtt tggttatgac accggtatta tcgncggcgc attgcccttc atgacgctgc 29760 cggccgatca gggcgggctg ggtttgaatg cctacagcga agggatgatc acggcttcgc 29820 tgatcgtcgg tgcagccttc ggctcactgg ccagtggcta tatttccgac cgtttcggac 29880 gacgcctgac cctgcgcctc ctgtcggtgc tgttcatcgc gggtgcgctg ggtacggcca 29940 ttgcgccgtc cattccgttc atggtcgccg cgcgcttcct gctgggtatc gcggtgggtg 30000 gcggctcggc gacggtgccg gtgttcattg ccgaaatcgc cggcccctcg cgtcgtgcgc 30060 ggctggtcag ccgcaacgaa ctgatgatcg tcagcggcca gttgctcgcc tatgtgctca 30120 gcgcggtcat ggccgcgctg ctgcacacgc cgggcatctg gcgctatatg ctggcgatcg 30180 cgatggtgcc gggggtgttg ctgctgatcg gcaccttctt cgtacctcct tcgccgngct 30240 ggctggcgtc caaaggccgt tttgacgaag ctcaggatgt gctggagcaa ctgcgcagca 30300 acaaggacga tgcgcancgt gaagtggacg aaatgaaagc tcatgacgag caggcgcgca 30360 atcgt 30365 Several undefined nucleotides exist in SEQ. ID. No. 1, however these appear to be present in intergenic regions. The CEL of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 contains a number of open reading frames (ORFs). Two of the products encoded by the CEL are HrpW and AvrE, both of which are known. An additional 10 products are produced by ORF1-10, respectively, as shown in FIG. 3. The nucleotide sequences for a number of these ORFs and their encoded protein or polypeptide products are provided below.

The DNA molecule of ORF3 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 2) as follows:

atgatcagtt cgcggatcgg cggggccggt ggcgtcaaac tcagccgggt aaaccagcag 60 cacgatactg ttcccgccca gacagctcac ccaaatgcag tcactgcagg catgaatccg 120 ccgctgactc ccgatcagtc agggtcacac gcgacagaaa gctcgtctgc cggcgcggcg 180 cggctgaatg tcgcggctcg acacacacag cttttgcagg ccttcaaggc tgagcatggg 240 acggctccgg tcagcggcgc gccgatgatc agttcgcgtg ctgcgttgtt gatcggtagt 300 ctgctgcagg ccgagccttt gccttttgaa gtcatggccg agaaattgtc tcctgagcgc 360 tatcaactga agcagtttca gggctcggac ttgcagcagc ggctggaaaa attcgcccag 420 ccgggtcaga taccggataa agccgaggtc gggcaactga tcaagggttt tgctcagtcg 480 gtcgctgatc aactggagca ctttcaactg atgcatgacg cttcgcccgc aacggtaggc 540 cagcatgcaa aagcggacaa ggcgacgctt gccgtcagtc agactgccct tggcgaatac 600 gccggtcgtg caagcaaggc aatcggcgaa ggcctgagca acagcatcgc gtcgctggat 660 gagcacatca gtgcgctgga tctcactctg caagatgccg aacagggcaa caaggagtct 720 ctgcacgctg acaggcaggc gctggtcgac gccaaaacca ccctggtagg tttgcacgcc 780 gatttcgtca agtcgccgga ggccaagcgc cttgcttcgg tcgccgcaca tacgcaactg 840 gacaacgtcg tcagcgatct cgtcactgcc cgtaacacgg tgggtggctg gaaaggtgca 900 gggccgattg tcgcggctgc ggttccgcag ttcttgtctt caatgacaca cttgggttat 960 gtgcgtttgt ccaccagcga caagctgcga gacacgattc ccgagaccag cagcgacgcc 1020 aacatgctca aggcttcgat aatcgggatg gtggcgggca ttgctcacga gacggtcaac 1080 agcgtggtca agccgatgtt tcaggccgcc ttgcagaaga ctggcctcaa cgaacgcctg 1140 aacatggtgc caatgaaggc tgtggatacc aatacggtta ttcctgaccc cttcgagctg 1200 aaaagcgaac acggtgagct ggtcaaaaaa acgcccgagg aagtcgctca ggacaaggcg 1260 ttcgtgaaaa gtgaacgcgc gctgctgaac cagaagaagg ttcagggttc gtccacccat 1320 ccggtaggtg agctgatggc ttacagtgcc ttcggtggtt ctcaggctgt gcgccagatg 1380 ctcaacgatg ttcaccagat caatgggcag acgctgagtg caagagctct ggcatccggt 1440 tttggcgggg cggtgtctgc cagttcgcaa acgctgctgc aattgaagtc gaattatgtc 1500 gacccgcaag ggcgcaaaat tccggtattt accccggacc gcgccgagag cgatctgaaa 1560 aaggacctgc tcaaaggtat ggacctgcgc gagccgtcgg tacgcaccac gttctacagc 1620 aaggctcttt cgggtattca gagttctgca ctgacctcgg cactgccgcc tgtgaccgct 1680 caggctgaag gcgcaagtgg cacgctcagt gcgggggcta ttttgcgcaa catggccctg 1740 gcagcgacgg gttcggtgtc ctatctgtcc acgttgtaca ccaaccagtc ggttaccgca 1800 gaagccaagg cgttgaaagc ggcaggcatg ggcggtgcaa cacctatgct ggaccgtacc 1860 gagacgcttt ga 1872

The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF3 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 3) as follows:

Met Ile Ser Ser Arg Ile Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Ser Arg   1               5                  10                  15 Val Asn Gln Gln His Asp Thr Val Pro Ala Gln Thr Ala His Pro Asn              20                  25                  30 Ala Val Thr Ala Gly Met Asn Pro Pro Leu Thr Pro Asp Gln Ser Gly          35                  40                  45 Ser His Ala Thr Glu Ser Ser Ser Ala Gly Ala Ala Arg Leu Asn Val      50                  55                  60 Ala Ala Arg His Thr Gln Leu Leu Gln Ala Phe Lys Ala Glu His Gly  65                  70                  75                  80 Thr Ala Pro Val Ser Gly Ala Pro Met Ile Ser Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu                  85                  90                  95 Leu Ile Gly Ser Leu Leu Gln Ala Glu Pro Leu Pro Phe Glu Val Met             100                 105                 110 Ala Glu Lys Leu Ser Pro Glu Arg Tyr Gln Leu Lys Gln Phe Gln Gly         115                 120                 125 Ser Asp Leu Gln Gln Arg Leu Glu Lys Phe Ala Gln Pro Gly Gln Ile     130                 135                 140 Pro Asp Lys Ala Glu Val Gly Gln Leu Ile Lys Gly Phe Ala Gln Ser 145                 150                 155                 160 Val Ala Asp Gln Leu Glu His Phe Gln Leu Met His Asp Ala Ser Pro                 165                 170                 175 Ala Thr Val Gly Gln His Ala Lys Ala Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Ala Val             180                 185                 190 Ser Gln Thr Ala Leu Gly Glu Tyr Ala Gly Arg Ala Ser Lys Ala Ile         195                 200                 205 Gly Glu Gly Leu Ser Asn Ser Ile Ala Ser Leu Asp Glu His Ile Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Leu Asp Leu Thr Leu Gln Asp Ala Glu Gln Gly Asn Lys Glu Ser 225                 230                 235                 240 Leu His Ala Asp Arg Gln Ala Leu Val Asp Ala Lys Thr Thr Leu Val                 245                 250                 255 Gly Leu His Ala Asp Phe Val Lys Ser Pro Glu Ala Lys Arg Leu Ala             260                 265                 270 Ser Val Ala Ala His Thr Gln Leu Asp Asn Val Val Ser Asp Leu Val         275                 280                 285 Thr Ala Arg Asn Thr Val Gly Gly Trp Lys Gly Ala Gly Pro Ile Val     290                 295                 300 Ala Ala Ala Val Pro Gln Phe Leu Ser Ser Met Thr His Leu Gly Tyr 305                 310                 315                 320 Val Arg Leu Ser Thr Ser Asp Lys Leu Arg Asp Thr Ile Pro Glu Thr                 325                 330                 335 Ser Ser Asp Ala Asn Met Leu Lys Ala Ser Ile Ile Gly Met Val Ala             340                 345                 350 Gly Ile Ala His Glu Thr Val Asn Ser Val Val Lys Pro Met Phe Gln         355                 360                 365 Ala Ala Leu Gln Lys Thr Gly Leu Asn Glu Arg Leu Asn Met Val Pro     370                 375                 380 Met Lys Ala Val Asp Thr Asn Thr Val Ile Pro Asp Pro Phe Glu Leu 385                 390                 395                 400 Lys Ser Glu His Gly Glu Leu Val Lys Lys Thr Pro Glu Glu Val Ala                 405                 410                 415 Gln Asp Lys Ala Phe Val Lys Ser Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu Asn Gln Lys             420                 425                 430 Lys Val Gln Gly Ser Ser Thr His Pro Val Gly Glu Leu Met Ala Tyr         435                 440                 445 Ser Ala Phe Gly Gly Ser Gln Ala Val Arg Gln Met Leu Asn Asp Val     450                 455                 460 His Gln Ile Asn Gly Gln Thr Leu Ser Ala Arg Ala Leu Ala Ser Gly 465                 470                 475                 480 Phe Gly Gly Ala Val Ser Ala Ser Ser Gln Thr Leu Leu Gln Leu Lys                 485                 490                 495 Ser Asn Tyr Val Asp Pro Gln Gly Arg Lys Ile Pro Val Phe Thr Pro             500                 505                 510 Asp Arg Ala Glu Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys Asp Leu Leu Lys Gly Met Asp         515                 520                 525 Leu Arg Glu Pro Ser Val Arg Thr Thr Phe Tyr Ser Lys Ala Leu Ser     530                 535                 540 Gly Ile Gln Ser Ser Ala Leu Thr Ser Ala Leu Pro Pro Val Thr Ala 545                 550                 555                 560 Gln Ala Glu Gly Ala Ser Gly Thr Leu Ser Ala Gly Ala Ile Leu Arg                 565                 570                 575 Asn Met Ala Leu Ala Ala Thr Gly Ser Val Ser Tyr Leu Ser Thr Leu             580                 585                 590 Tyr Thr Asn Gln Ser Val Thr Ala Glu Ala Lys Ala Leu Lys Ala Ala         595                 600                 605 Gly Met Gly Gly Ala Thr Pro Met Leu Asp Arg Thr Glu Thr Leu     610                 615                 620

The DNA molecule of ORF4 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 4) as follows:

atgaccaaca atgaccagta ccacaccctt atcaacgaaa tctgcgcact cagcctgatt 60 tccacacctg aacgtttcta tgaatctgcc aatttcaaaa tcagcgaagt ggacttcacc 120 ctgcagtttc aggaccgcga cgaaggccgt gccgttctga tctacggtga catgggcgcg 180 ttgcccgcgc gcggccgtga gagcgcgttg ctggcgttga tggacatcaa ctttcacatg 240 ttcgcgggcg cccacagccc ggcattttcc tttaatgcgc agaccggtcg tgtgctgctg 300 atgggctctg tggcccttga acgagcctct gccgaaggcg tgctgttgtt gatgaagtcg 360 ttttccgacc tggccaaaga gtggcgcgag catggattca tggggcaggc cacaactgca 420 ggctcctcga cggaccaacc tgttgcccca gcagccaaac gcgagagcct ttcggctcct 480 gggagattcc aatga 495 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF4 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 5) as follows:

Met Thr Asn Asn Asp Gln Tyr His Thr Leu Ile Asn Glu Ile Cys Ala   1               5                  10                  15 Leu Ser Leu Ile Ser Thr Pro Glu Arg Phe Tyr Glu Ser Ala Asn Phe              20                  25                  30 Lys Ile Ser Glu Val Asp Phe Thr Leu Gln Phe Gln Asp Arg Asp Glu          35                  40                  45 Gly Arg Ala Val Leu Ile Tyr Gly Asp Met Gly Ala Leu Pro Ala Arg      50                  55                  60 Gly Arg Glu Ser Ala Leu Leu Ala Leu Met Asp Ile Asn Phe His Met  65                  70                  75                  80 Phe Ala Gly Ala His Ser Pro Ala Phe Ser Phe Asn Ala Gln Thr Gly                  85                  90                  95 Arg Val Leu Leu Met Gly Ser Val Ala Leu Glu Arg Ala Ser Ala Glu             100                 105                 110 Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Met Lys Ser Phe Ser Asp Leu Ala Lys Glu Trp         115                 120                 125 Arg Glu His Gly Phe Met Gly Gln Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Ser Ser Thr     130                 135                 140 Asp Gln Pro Val Ala Pro Ala Ala Lys Arg Glu Ser Leu Ser Ala Pro 145                 150                 155                 160 Gly Arg Phe Gln

The DNA molecule of ORF5 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 6) as follows:

atgcacatca accgacgcgt ccaacaaccg cctgtgactg cgacggatag ctttcggaca 60 gcgtccgacg cgtctcttgc ctccagctct gtgcgatctg tcagctccga tcagcaacgc 120 gagataaatg cgattgccga ttacctgaca gatcatgtgt tcgctgcgca taaactgccg 180 ccggccgatt cggctgatgg ccaagctgca gttgacgtac acaatgcgca gatcactgcg 240 ctgatcgaga cgcgcgccag ccgcctgcac ttcgaagggg aaaccccggc aaccatcgcc 300 gacaccttcg ccaaggcgga aaagctcgac cgattggcga cgactacatc aggcgcgttg 360 cgggcgacgc cctttgccat ggcctcgttg cttcagtaca tgcagcctgc gatcaacaag 420 ggcgattggc tgccggctcc gctcaaaccg ctgaccccgc tcatttccgg agcgctgtcg 480 ggcgccatgg accaggtggg caccaagatg atggaccgcg cgacgggtga tctgcattac 540 ctgagcgcct cgccggacag gctccacgat gcgatggccg cttcggtgaa gcgccactcg 600 ccaagccttg ctcgacaggt tctggacacg ggggttgcgg ttcagacgta ctcggcgcgc 660 aacgccgtac gtaccgtatt ggctccggca ctggcgtcca gacccgccgt gcagggtgct 720 gtggaccttg gtgtatcgat ggcgggtggt ctggctgcca acgcaggctt tggcaaccgc 780 ctgctcagtg tgcagtcgcg tgatcaccag cgtggcggtg cattagtgct cggtttgaag 840 gataaagagc ccaaggctca actgagcgaa gaaaacgact ggctcgaggc ttataaagca 900 atcaaatcgg ccagctactc gggtgcggcg ctcaacgctg gcaagcggat ggccggtctg 960 ccactggata tggcgaccga cgcaatgggt gcggtaagaa gcctggtgtc agcgtccagc 1020 ctgacccaaa acggtctggc cctggcgggt ggctttgcag gggtaggcaa gttgcaggag 1080 atggcgacga aaaatatcac cgacccggcg accaaggccg cggtcagtca gttgaccaac 1140 ctggcaggtt cggcagccgt tttcgcaggc tggaccacgg ccgcgctgac aaccgatccc 1200 gcggtgaaaa aagccgagtc gttcatacag gacacggtga aatcgactgc atccagtacc 1260 acaggctacg tagccgacca gaccgtcaaa ctggcgaaga ccgtcaaaga catgggcggg 1320 gaggcgatca cccataccgg cgccagcttg cgcaatacgg tcaataacct gcgtcaacgc 1380 ccggctcgtg aagctgatat agaagagggg ggcacggcgg cttctccaag tgaaataccg 1440 tttcggccta tgcggtcgta a 1461 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF5, now known as HopPtoA, has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 7) as follows:

Met His Ile Asn Arg Arg Val Gln Gln Pro Pro Val Thr Ala Thr Asp   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Phe Arg Thr Ala Ser Asp Ala Ser Leu Ala Ser Ser Ser Val Arg              20                  25                  30 Ser Val Ser Ser Asp Gln Gln Arg Glu Ile Asn Ala Ile Ala Asp Tyr          35                  40                  45 Leu Thr Asp His Val Phe Ala Ala His Lys Leu Pro Pro Ala Asp Ser      50                  55                  60 Ala Asp Gly Gln Ala Ala Val Asp Val His Asn Ala Gln Ile Thr Ala  65                  70                  75                  80 Leu Ile Glu Thr Arg Ala Ser Arg Leu His Phe Glu Gly Glu Thr Pro                  85                  90                  95 Ala Thr Ile Ala Asp Thr Phe Ala Lys Ala Glu Lys Leu Asp Arg Leu             100                 105                 110 Ala Thr Thr Thr Ser Gly Ala Leu Arg Ala Thr Pro Phe Ala Met Ala         115                 120                 125 Ser Leu Leu Gln Tyr Met Gln Pro Ala Ile Asn Lys Gly Asp Trp Leu     130                 135                 140 Pro Ala Pro Leu Lys Pro Leu Thr Pro Leu Ile Ser Gly Ala Leu Ser 145                 150                 155                 160 Gly Ala Met Asp Gln Val Gly Thr Lys Met Met Asp Arg Ala Thr Gly                 165                 170                 175 Asp Leu His Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ser Pro Asp Arg Leu His Asp Ala Met             180                 185                 190 Ala Ala Ser Val Lys Arg His Ser Pro Ser Leu Ala Arg Gln Val Leu         195                 200                 205 Asp Thr Gly Val Ala Val Gln Thr Tyr Ser Ala Arg Asn Ala Val Arg     210                 215                 220 Thr Val Leu Ala Pro Ala Leu Ala Ser Arg Pro Ala Val Gln Gly Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Val Asp Leu Gly Val Ser Met Ala Gly Gly Leu Ala Ala Asn Ala Gly                 245                 250                 255 Phe Gly Asn Arg Leu Leu Ser Val Gln Ser Arg Asp His Gln Arg Gly             260                 265                 270 Gly Ala Leu Val Leu Gly Leu Lys Asp Lys Glu Pro Lys Ala Gln Leu         275                 280                 285 Ser Glu Glu Asn Asp Trp Leu Glu Ala Tyr Lys Ala Ile Lys Ser Ala     290                 295                 300 Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ala Ala Leu Asn Ala Gly Lys Arg Met Ala Gly Leu 305                 310                 315                 320 Pro Leu Asp Met Ala Thr Asp Ala Met Gly Ala Val Arg Ser Leu Val                 325                 330                 335 Ser Ala Ser Ser Leu Thr Gln Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Gly Phe             340                 345                 350 Ala Gly Val Gly Lys Leu Gln Glu Met Ala Thr Lys Asn Ile Thr Asp         355                 360                 365 Pro Ala Thr Lys Ala Ala Val Ser Gln Leu Thr Asn Leu Ala Gly Ser     370                 375                 380 Ala Ala Val Phe Ala Gly Trp Thr Thr Ala Ala Leu Thr Thr Asp Pro 385                 390                 395                 400 Ala Val Lys Lys Ala Glu Ser Phe Ile Gln Asp Thr Val Lys Ser Thr                 405                 410                 415 Ala Ser Ser Thr Thr Gly Tyr Val Ala Asp Gln Thr Val Lys Leu Ala             420                 425                 430 Lys Thr Val Lys Asp Met Gly Gly Glu Ala Ile Thr His Thr Gly Ala         435                 440                 445 Ser Leu Arg Asn Thr Val Asn Asn Leu Arg Gln Arg Pro Ala Arg Glu     450                 455                 460 Ala Asp Ile Glu Glu Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Ser Pro Ser Glu Ile Pro 465                 470                 475                 480 Phe Arg Pro Met Arg Ser                 485

The DNA molecule of ORF6 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 8) as follows:

atgtctggtc ctttcgagaa aaaatggcgg tgtttcaccc gaaccgtgac ctacgttggc 60 tggtcgctgt tctggcttct gctctgggac gtggccgtca ccgtggacgt catgctgata 120 gaaggcaaag gcatcgactt ccccctgatg cccctcacgt tgctttgctc ggcactgatc 180 gtgctgatca gctttcgcaa ctcgagtgcc tataaccgtt ggtgggaagc gcgcaccttg 240 tggggcgcaa tggtcaacac ttcacgcagt tttggccggc aggtactgac gctgatcgat 300 ggcgaacggg atgacctcaa caaccctgtc aaagccatac tctttcaacg tcatgtggct 360 tacttgcgtg ccctgcgcgc gcacctcaaa ggcgacgtca aaacagcaaa actcgacggg 420 ttactgtcgc ccgacgagat tcagcgcgcc agccagagca acaacttccc caatgacatc 480 ctcaatggct ctgctgcggt tatctcgcaa gcctttgccg ccggccagtt cgacagcatc 540 cgtctgaccc gcctggaatc gaccatggtc gatctgtcca actgtcaggg cggcatggag 600 cgcatcgcca acacgccact gccctacccc tacgtttatt tcccacggct gttcagcacg 660 ctgttctgca tcctgatgcc gctgagcatg gtcaccaccc tgggctggtt caccccggcg 720 atctccacgg tggtaggctg catgctgctg gcaatggacc gcatcggtac agacctgcaa 780 gccccgttcg gcaacagtca gcaccggatc cgcatggaag acctgtgcaa caccatcgaa 840 aagaacctgc aatcgatgtt ctcttcgcca gagaggcagc cgctgctggc tgacctgaaa 900 agccccgtac cgtggcgcgt ggccaacgca tcaattggcg gtctgagcag gcagaaaaac 960 aggttagggg aaggcgcgag gcttatcgca agtgaaagtc tgctctgggc accatttcgc 1020 tcagttgcag acgttgctcc gtgccacgcc agtgcgtacc tacgtcgcgc ttga 1074 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF6 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 9) as follows:

Met Ser Gly Pro Phe Glu Lys Lys Trp Arg Cys Phe Thr Arg Thr Val   1               5                  10                  15 Thr Tyr Val Gly Trp Ser Leu Phe Trp Leu Leu Leu Trp Asp Val Ala              20                  25                  30 Val Thr Val Asp Val Met Leu Ile Glu Gly Lys Gly Ile Asp Phe Pro          35                  40                  45 Leu Met Pro Leu Thr Leu Leu Cys Ser Ala Leu Ile Val Leu Ile Ser      50                  55                  60 Phe Arg Asn Ser Ser Ala Tyr Asn Arg Trp Trp Glu Ala Arg Thr Leu  65                  70                  75                  80 Trp Gly Ala Met Val Asn Thr Ser Arg Ser Phe Gly Arg Gln Val Leu                  85                  90                  95 Thr Leu Ile Asp Gly Glu Arg Asp Asp Leu Asn Asn Pro Val Lys Ala             100                 105                 110 Ile Leu Phe Gln Arg His Val Ala Tyr Leu Arg Ala Leu Arg Ala His         115                 120                 125 Leu Lys Gly Asp Val Lys Thr Ala Lys Leu Asp Gly Leu Leu Ser Pro     130                 135                 140 Asp Glu Ile Gln Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Asn Asn Phe Pro Asn Asp Ile 145                 150                 155                 160 Leu Asn Gly Ser Ala Ala Val Ile Ser Gln Ala Phe Ala Ala Gly Gln                 165                 170                 175 Phe Asp Ser Ile Arg Leu Thr Arg Leu Glu Ser Thr Met Val Asp Leu             180                 185                 190 Ser Asn Cys Gln Gly Gly Met Glu Arg Ile Ala Asn Thr Pro Leu Pro         195                 200                 205 Tyr Pro Tyr Val Tyr Phe Pro Arg Leu Phe Ser Thr Leu Phe Cys Ile     210                 215                 220 Leu Met Pro Leu Ser Met Val Thr Thr Leu Gly Trp Phe Thr Pro Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Ser Thr Val Val Gly Cys Met Leu Leu Ala Met Asp Arg Ile Gly                 245                 250                 255 Thr Asp Leu Gln Ala Pro Phe Gly Asn Ser Gln His Arg Ile Arg Met             260                 265                 270 Glu Asp Leu Cys Asn Thr Ile Glu Lys Asn Leu Gln Ser Met Phe Ser         275                 280                 285 Ser Pro Glu Arg Gln Pro Leu Leu Ala Asp Leu Lys Ser Pro Val Pro     290                 295                 300 Trp Arg Val Ala Asn Ala Ser Ile Gly Gly Leu Ser Arg Gln Lys Asn 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Leu Gly Glu Gly Ala Arg Leu Ile Ala Ser Glu Ser Leu Leu Trp                 325                 330                 335 Ala Pro Phe Arg Ser Val Ala Asp Val Ala Pro Cys His Ala Ser Ala             340                 345                 350 Tyr Leu Arg Arg Ala         355

The DNA molecule of ORF7 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 10) as follows:

atgtatatcc agcaatctgg cgcccaatca ggggttgccg ctaagacgca acacgataag 60 ccctcgtcat tgtccggact cgcccccggt tcgtcggatg cgttcgcccg ttttcatccc 120 gaaaaggcgg gcgcctttgt cccattggag gggcatgaag aggtcttttt cgatgcgcgc 180 tcttcctttt cgtcggtcga tgccgctgat cttcccagtc ccgagcaggt acaaccccag 240 cttcattcgt tgcgtaccct gctaccggat ctgatggtct ctatcgcctc attacgtgac 300 ggcgccacgc aatacatcaa gaccagaatc aaggctatgg cggacaacag cataggcgcg 360 actgcgaaca tcgaagccaa aagaaagatt gcccaagagc acggctgtca gcttgtccac 420 ccgtttcacc agagcaaatt tctatttgaa aaaactatcg atgatagagc gtttgctgct 480 gactatggcc gcgcgggtgg cgacgggcac gcttgtctgg ggctatcagt aaattggtgt 540 cagagccgtg caaaagggca gtcggatgag gccttctttc acaaactgga ggactatcag 600 ggcgatgcat tgctacccag ggtaatgggc ttccagcata tcgagcagca ggcctattca 660 aacaagttgc agaacgcagc acctatgctt ctggacacac ttcccaagtt gggcatgaca 720 cttggaaaag ggctgggcag agcacagcac gcgcactatg cggttgctct ggaaaacctt 780 gatcgcgatc tcaaagcagt gttgcagccc ggtaaagacc agatgcttct gtttttgagt 840 gatagccatg cgatggctct gcatcaggac agtcagggat gtctgcattt ttttgatcct 900 ctttttggcg tggttcaggc agacagcttc agcaacatga gccattttct tgctgatgtg 960 ttcaagcgcg acgtaggtac gcactggcgt ggcacggagc aacgtctgca actgagcgaa 1020 atggtgccca gagcagactt tcacttgcga taa 1053 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF7 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 11) as follows:

Met Tyr Ile Gln Gln Ser Gly Ala Gln Ser Gly Val Ala Ala Lys Thr   1               5                  10                  15 Gln His Asp Lys Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Gly Leu Ala Pro Gly Ser Ser              20                  25                  30 Asp Ala Phe Ala Arg Phe His Pro Glu Lys Ala Gly Ala Phe Val Pro          35                  40                  45 Leu Glu Gly His Glu Glu Val Phe Phe Asp Ala Arg Ser Ser Phe Ser      50                  55                  60 Ser Val Asp Ala Ala Asp Leu Pro Ser Pro Glu Gln Val Gln Pro Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Leu His Ser Leu Arg Thr Leu Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Val Ser Ile Ala                  85                  90                  95 Ser Leu Arg Asp Gly Ala Thr Gln Tyr Ile Lys Thr Arg Ile Lys Ala             100                 105                 110 Met Ala Asp Asn Ser Ile Gly Ala Thr Ala Asn Ile Glu Ala Lys Arg         115                 120                 125 Lys Ile Ala Gln Glu His Gly Cys Gln Leu Val His Pro Phe His Gln     130                 135                 140 Ser Lys Phe Leu Phe Glu Lys Thr Ile Asp Asp Arg Ala Phe Ala Ala 145                 150                 155                 160 Asp Tyr Gly Arg Ala Gly Gly Asp Gly His Ala Cys Leu Gly Leu Ser                 165                 170                 175 Val Asn Trp Cys Gln Ser Arg Ala Lys Gly Gln Ser Asp Glu Ala Phe             180                 185                 190 Phe His Lys Leu Glu Asp Tyr Gln Gly Asp Ala Leu Leu Pro Arg Val         195                 200                 205 Met Gly Phe Gln His Ile Glu Gln Gln Ala Tyr Ser Asn Lys Leu Gln     210                 215                 220 Asn Ala Ala Pro Met Leu Leu Asp Thr Leu Pro Lys Leu Gly Met Thr 225                 230                 235                 240 Leu Gly Lys Gly Leu Gly Arg Ala Gln His Ala His Tyr Ala Val Ala                 245                 250                 255 Leu Glu Asn Leu Asp Arg Asp Leu Lys Ala Val Leu Gln Pro Gly Lys             260                 265                 270 Asp Gln Met Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser Asp Ser His Ala Met Ala Leu His         275                 280                 285 Gln Asp Ser Gln Gly Cys Leu His Phe Phe Asp Pro Leu Phe Gly Val     290                 295                 300 Val Gln Ala Asp Ser Phe Ser Asn Met Ser His Phe Leu Ala Asp Val 305                 310                 315                 320 Phe Lys Arg Asp Val Gly Thr His Trp Arg Gly Thr Glu Gln Arg Leu                 325                 330                 335 Gln Leu Ser Glu Met Val Pro Arg Ala Asp Phe His Leu Arg             340                 345                 350

The DNA molecule of ORF8 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 12) as follows:

atgcggcctg tcgaggcaaa agatcggctt tatcagtggc tgcgcaatcg aggcatcgat 60 gcgcaggagg gtcaacgcca caacgtaagg accgcgaatg gaagcgagtg tctgctctgg 120 ttgccagaac aggacacttc gttgttcatc ttcacacaga tcgaaaggct gacgatgccg 180 caggacaacg tcattttgat tctggcaatg gcgctgaatc tggagcctgc tcgcacaggt 240 ggcgctgcgc ttggctataa ccctgattca agggaactgt tgttgcgcag tgtgcactca 300 atggcggatc tggatgagac cggacttgat cacctcatga cgcgaattag cacattggcc 360 gtctcgttgc agcgctatct ggaagattat cgacgccagg agcaagccgg aaaaaccgcc 420 cagaaagagc ctcggttctt accggctgtc catctgaccc cacgaacgtt catgacctga 480 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF8 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 13) as follows:

Met Arg Pro Val Glu Ala Lys Asp Arg Leu Tyr Gln Trp Leu Arg Asn   1               5                  10                  15 Arg Gly Ile Asp Ala Gln Glu Gly Gln Arg His Asn Val Arg Thr Ala              20                  25                  30 Asn Gly Ser Glu Cys Leu Leu Trp Leu Pro Glu Gln Asp Thr Ser Leu          35                  40                  45 Phe Ile Phe Thr Gln Ile Glu Arg Leu Thr Met Pro Gln Asp Asn Val      50                  55                  60 Ile Leu Ile Leu Ala Met Ala Leu Asn Leu Glu Pro Ala Arg Thr Gly  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Ala Ala Leu Gly Tyr Asn Pro Asp Ser Arg Glu Leu Leu Leu Arg                  85                  90                  95 Ser Val His Ser Met Ala Asp Leu Asp Glu Thr Gly Leu Asp His Leu             100                 105                 110 Met Thr Arg Ile Ser Thr Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gln Arg Tyr Leu Glu         115                 120                 125 Asp Tyr Arg Arg Gln Glu Gln Ala Gly Lys Thr Ala Gln Lys Glu Pro     130                 135                 140 Arg Phe Leu Pro Ala Val His Leu Thr Pro Arg Thr Phe Met Thr 145                 150                 155

The DNA molecule of ORF9 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 14) as follows:

atgcttaaaa aatgcctgct actggttata tcaatgtcac ttggcggctg ctggagcctg 60 atgattcatc tggacggcga gcgttgcatc tatcccggca ctcgccaagg ttgggcgtgg 120 ggaacccata acggagggca gagttggccc atacttatag acgtgccgtt ttccctcgcg 180 ttggacacac tgctgctgcc ctacgacctc accgcttttc tgcccgaaaa tcttggcggt 240 gatgaccgca aatgtcagtt cagtggagga ttgaacgtgc tcggttga 288 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF9 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 15) as follows:

Met Leu Lys Lys Cys Leu Leu Leu Val Ile Ser Met Ser Leu Gly Gly   1               5                  10                  15 Cys Trp Ser Leu Met Ile His Leu Asp Gly Glu Arg Cys Ile Tyr Pro              20                  25                  30 Gly Thr Arg Gln Gly Trp Ala Trp Gly Thr His Asn Gly Gly Gln Ser          35                  40                  45 Trp Pro Ile Leu Ile Asp Val Pro Phe Ser Leu Ala Leu Asp Thr Leu      50                  55                  60 Leu Leu Pro Tyr Asp Leu Thr Ala Phe Leu Pro Glu Asn Leu Gly Gly  65                  70                  75                  80 Asp Asp Arg Lys Cys Gln Phe Ser Gly Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Gly                  85                  90                  95

The DNA molecule of ORF1O from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 16) as follows:

atgaaacagg tagaagtcca gatcattact gaattgcctt gtcaggttct gatcctggag 60 caagaggcag tagcagaggg cttcaggttt cttacccgct tgatcgagga gtggaggtcc 120 ggaaagaatc gattcgaggc caagggtgaa tgcctcatgg tcgtacttct ggacggcgct 180 ctggcaggta tcggaggcct ttcgcgtgat ccgcatgccc ggggtgatat gggcaggcta 240 cgacggttat acgtcgcaag cgcatcaaga ggtcaaggcc ttggaaagac tctggtgaat 300 cgacttgtgg agcatgcggc gcaggaattt ttcgccgtgc gcctgttcac tgatactccg 360 agcggagcaa aattttactt acgttgcggc tttcaggcag ttgacgaggt gcatgccacg 420 catataaagc ttttaaggcg ggtttga 447 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 CEL ORF10 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 17) as follows:

Met Lys Gln Val Glu Val Gln Ile Ile Thr Glu Leu Pro Cys Gln Val   1               5                  10                  15 Leu Ile Leu Glu Gln Glu Ala Val Ala Glu Gly Phe Arg Phe Leu Thr              20                  25                  30 Arg Leu Ile Glu Glu Trp Arg Ser Gly Lys Asn Arg Phe Glu Ala Lys          35                  40                  45 Gly Glu Cys Leu Met Val Val Leu Leu Asp Gly Ala Leu Ala Gly Ile      50                  55                  60 Gly Gly Leu Ser Arg Asp Pro His Ala Arg Gly Asp Met Gly Arg Leu  65                  70                  75                  80 Arg Arg Leu Tyr Val Ala Ser Ala Ser Arg Gly Gln Gly Leu Gly Lys                  85                  90                  95 Thr Leu Val Asn Arg Leu Val Glu His Ala Ala Gln Glu Phe Phe Ala             100                 105                 110 Val Arg Leu Phe Thr Asp Thr Pro Ser Gly Ala Lys Phe Tyr Leu Arg         115                 120                 125 Cys Gly Phe Gln Ala Val Asp Glu Val His Ala Thr His Ile Lys Leu     130                 135                 140 Leu Arg Arg Val 145

A DNA molecule which contains the EEL of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 18) as follows:

ggatccagcg gcgtattgtc gtggcgatgg aacgcgttac ggattttcag cacaccggta 60 tcgatgaaca ggtggccgtt gcgggcgttg cgggtcggca tgacacaatc gaacatatca 120 acgccacggc gcacaccttc gaccagatct tcgggcttgc ctacacccat caagtaacga 180 ggtttgtctg ctggcataag gcccggcagg taatccagca ccttgatcat ctcgtgcttg 240 ggctcgccca ccgacagacc gccaatcgcc aggccgtcaa agccgatctc atccaggcct 300 tcgagcgaac gcttgcgcag gttctcgtgc atgccaccct gaacaatgcc gaacagcgcg 360 gcagtgtttt cgccgtgcgc gaccttggag cgcttggccc agcgcaacga cagctccatg 420 gagacacgtg ctacgtcttc gtcggccggg tacggcgtgc actcatcgaa aatcatcacg 480 acgtccgaac ccaggtcacg ctggacctgc atcgactctt ccgggcccat gaacaccttg 540 gcaccatcga ccggagaggc gaaggtcacg ccctcctcct tgatcttgcg catggcgccc 600 aggctgaaca cctgaaaacc gccagagtcg gtcagaatcg gccctttcca ctgcatgaaa 660 tcgtgcaggt cgccgtggcc cttgatgacc tcggtgcccg gacgcagcca caagtggaag 720 gtgttgccca gaatcatctg cgcaccggtg gcctcgatat cacgcggcaa catgcccttg 780 accgtgccgt aggtgcccac cggcatgaac gccggggtct cgaccacgcc acgcggaaag 840 gtcaggcgac cgcgacgggc cttgccgtcg gtggccaaca actcgaaaga catacgacag 900 gtgcgactca tgcgtgatcc tctggtgccg attcctgtgg ggccgtcggc gcgggattgc 960 gggtgatgaa catggcatca ccgtaactga agaagcggta cccgtgttcg atggccgccg 1020 cgtaggccgc catggtttcg ggataaccgg cgaacgccga aaccagcatc aacagcgtgg 1080 attcaggcaa atgaaaatta gtcaccaggg catcgaccac atgaaacggc cgccccggat 1140 agatgaagat gtcggtgtcg ccgctaaacg gcttcaactg gccatcacgc gcggcactct 1200 ccagcgaacg cacgctggtg gtcccgaccg caatcacccg cccgccccgc gcacggcacg 1260 ccgccacggc atcgaccacg tcctggctga cttccagcca ttcgctgtgc atgtggtgat 1320 cttcgatctg ctcgacacgc accggctgga acgtacccgc gccgacgtgc agagtgacaa 1380 aagcagtctc gacgcccttg gcggcaattg cttccatcaa cggctggtcg aaatgcaggc 1440 cggcagtcgg cgccgccaca gcaccggcgc gctgggcgta aacggtctga taacgctcgc 1500 ggtcggcacc ttcgtccggg cggtctatat aaggaggcaa cggcatatgg ccgacacgat 1560 ccagcaacgg cagcacttct tcggcaaagc gcaactcgaa cagcgcgtca tgccgcgcca 1620 ccatctcggc ctcgccgccg ccatcgatca ggatcgacga gcccggcttt ggcgacttgc 1680 tggcacgcac gtgcgccagc acacgatggc tgtccagcac gcgctcgacc agaatctcca 1740 gcttgccgcc ggacgccttc tgcccgaaca aacgtgcggg aatgacacgg gtattgttga 1800 acaccatcaa gtcgcccgag cgcaaatgct cgagcaaatc ggtgaattga cgatgtgcca 1860 gcgcgcccgt cggcccatca agggtcaaca gacgactgct gcgacgctcg gccaacgggt 1920 gacgagcaat cagggaatcg gggagttcga aggtaaagtc agcgacgcgc atgatcgggt 1980 tcgtttagca gggccgggaa gtttatccgg tttgacggca ttagtaaaaa acctgcgtaa 2040 atccctgttg accaacggaa aactcatcct tatacttcgc cgccattgag ccctgatggc 2100 ggaattggta gacgcggcgg attcaaaatc cgttttcgaa agaagtggga gttcgattct 2160 ccctcggggc accaccattg agaaaagacc ttgaaattca aggtcttttt tttcgtctgg 2220 tggaaagtgg tctgactgag gctgcgatct accccacctg cccggaattg gccgcggagc 2280 gcccaggact gccttccagc gcagagcgtc ggtacccgga tcacacgacc aaggataacg 2340 ctatgaacaa gatcgtctac gtaaaagctt acttcaaacc cattggggag gaagtctcgg 2400 ttaaagtacc tacaggcgaa attaaaaagg gctttttcgg cgacaaggaa atcatgaaaa 2460 aagagaccca gtggcagcaa accgggtggt ctgattgtca gatagacggt gaacggctat 2520 cgaaagacgt cgaagacgca gtggcgcaac tcaatgctga cggttatgag attcaaacgg 2580 tattgcctat attgtccggg gcttatgatt atgcgctcaa ataccgatac gaaatacgtc 2640 acaatagaac tgaactaagc ccaggagacc agtcctatgt cttcggctat ggctacagct 2700 tcaccgaagg cgtgacgctg gtggcgaaaa aatttcagtc gtctgcaagc tgaataatag 2760 tgacctcgtg ccacggacgc cgctctgccc cctgatacga aaacgccttc ctcaacaaga 2820 ggcaggcgta ctaacgtgca caagacctgc ccgtatcagc aagcgcaaga cgctcgcctc 2880 cacgaaataa cacggtaggt cgcgttgcta ctttttagcg gcagacggcg tgccgttgta 2940 gttgtcggtg ttgttgtcgt tatcaagatc gcggtcattt ccaccgaaag ccgcatcggt 3000 tttgttgtcg ttgtcgagat ctttgtcgtt accgccaaac gctgcatccg tatggtgatc 3060 gttgtccagg tccttgtcgt tacccccaaa tgccgcgtcg gtgtggtggt cattgtccat 3120 atccttgtcg ttgccgccaa atgccgcgtc agtcacgttg tcgttatcca gatccttgtc 3180 gttgccgcca cacgtggcac cggtgctgtt gtcgttgtcc agatcacaat cgtttacggc 3240 aaatgcaggt agcgaagtgc caatgatcgt cagcgcaagc agaaagccgc cgatctttgc 3300 cgtcaggttt ttatacgcgc gcatcaggtt ttcccggata agtgaaaatg atgaagcaag 3360 ggttactgaa cacgttcgat cagtgactaa aacagtatgt aactgcagcc ttctgcaaga 3420 ccgacagagg tcgaccaaac tgcagcctgt ttcataccca tcaatttcta tagcgaccgt 3480 tcacacgact ctcctaccga tgctgggagt accaaaaaac ttccgcactg catttttttg 3540 cagtgtcgga tggtttgacc ggttttgggg agaattgctc aaacggagaa cgatgagttt 3600 tttgttgcgt ggcatgctaa tcgatacatt tatcagtgtg tgatgcggta tggcagcttc 3660 atgcctccgt caaatagtgg acgccagtca cgttgcataa aacctgacgt cactccaaaa 3720 aaggctacgc acgaggacat tgctgagatt cggctgggca ttttcgctgt ttacacaggg 3780 atcgagcaga acgcccccat gccagccacc cgttaactca attgtctttt gccctgaaaa 3840 caacaatccc tggcttttcc gatacatagt ccagaaaagg caaatccatc acctttctgt 3900 tttcttttcg tgaagatgca tttcgcaaga cagggccttt atccgtcacg ataaagaaac 3960 cgacgtgtgt cacatccagc ccgggaagcg ggggtgtaaa tgccaatgta atcaccggtg 4020 cgcaggtggc tcaccacctg actgtcgaca aggcggctcg ggatatacgt catgctacgc 4080 tcaaccacag gcaaccctgg cagatagact ttgcctttgg ccctttcatt aaggcgtttt 4140 ctgacactta ccgcaccggg gcttatctgc gcggtaatgt catccgccac agggtatgcc 4200 gttccgtaag cccaatccgt gaaaaagtgc ttgcgattca aaaagtcaac atcgccaccc 4260 ttgtaacgaa cctgaacgag attcctcaca aaatcctgct gcgatgttga tcttcgaaac 4320 gcttcgacgt aatccagata agcaaaacaa tccagacctc tgaagtcgat gactaattgt 4380 tcaggtacat tcgctgagcc caccaacatg tttgagcggt acggtgttcc taaaaacgct 4440 cctgatacaa ggtcgatcag ctgaccttta ttcatataac ttttgttggt gcgggcttcc 4500 agcacagcat ccagtttttt tgaggtgtag gcatccagat ttagtttaac gggtgttttc 4560 atctctgcct gggcaccctg aatatcactt cccggcgccg gccccgaaac cccacaccct 4620 gccaacattg caaaggctaa agcccatagg gtcgtctttt gcatctgatt caccgtaatt 4680 ccaaagcgtc gtcggacctg attgtggctc gcgatacgcg agcaggctgc tccattcctt 4740 cgagatgccg cattggttag ctcaatcacg gcgcactatt taccacgtgt catcggttgc 4800 gtcatcggct gggagcatca gttggcaatg cattcgcggt ctcggcctca gcagacgctg 4860 gtagtgccca gagtgcagct gaccagcgtg ccgccatcga ggccgccgca gaggccgccc 4920 agcgatacgg attcgtttgc ggcaggggcc atgcccgcta ttgaatcggc tgactggccc 4980 gtgataaagg cctgatgcct cagtacgcca cctggcttac aggcgggttg cattgcaata 5040 ggtctatacc ttttgcaagg ttaacgaact gtcatcaaaa aacatggaag cacaatcaga 5100 aaaaagacct tgagtttcaa ggtctttttt cgtttggtga aaagtgatct gactcaaccc 5160 gcgatcttac cctcctctac tcgggttggc cgttagcacc caaagctacc ttcctgcgcg 5220 aatgcttgtt tcgttatggg catggcgtga tacaagcggt aggcgtacag caggtccatg 5280 agtctcggga acctgattga gagccgctct gcgctgtacc cccctggcct gagccactgt 5340 tcaaggcaac gcttccctga ccttgagcac cacttagctg ggcgccacca tcggcatgca 5400 ccaaaggcat ttgcagagag aggacagcaa agctggccaa tgcaatgaat tttgttttag 5460 agcagatatc tttaagtttc ataacaacca cctttgttga tcagaattgt tgaagaaatc 5520 atgagtcacg cttatgtgtg gcgactcatc gaaatcggtt ccaatgcaag atgggatttt 5580 tacgtccggc ctatccgctg atggcgatgc tgcggattca cctgatgcag aactggtttg 5640 attacagcga tccggcgatg gaggaagcac tttacgagac aacgatcctg cgccagttcg 5700 cagggttgag tctggatcga atcgccgatg aaaccacgat tctcaatttc cggcgcctgc 5760 tggaaaagca tgagttggca ggcgggattt tgcaggtcat caatggctat ctgggtgatc 5820 gaggtttgat gctgcgccaa ggtatggtgg tcgatgcgac gatcattcat gcgccgagct 5880 cgaccaagaa caaggacggc aaacgcgatc ccgaaatgca tcagacgaag aaaggaaacc 5940 agtatttctt cggcatgaaa gcgcatatcg gcgtcgatgc cgagtcgggt ttagtccata 6000 gcctggtggg tactgcggcg aatgtggcgg acgtgactca ggtcgatcaa ctgctgcaca 6060 gtgaggaaac ctatgtcagc ggtgatgcgg gctacaccgg cgtggacaag cgtgcggagc 6120 atcaggatcg ccagatgatc tggtcaattg cggcacgccc aagccgttat aaaaagcatg 6180 gcgagaaaag tttgatcgca cgggtctatc gcaaaatcga gttcacgaaa gcccagttgc 6240 gggcgaaggt tgaacatccg cttcgcgtga tcaagcgcca gtttggttat acgaaagtcc 6300 ggtttcgcgg gctggctaaa aacaccgcgc aacaggctac tctgtttgcc ttgtcgaacc 6360 tttggatggt gcgaaaacgg ctgctggcga tgggagaggt gcgcctgtaa tgcggaaaaa 6420 cgccttggaa aggtgctgtt tgaaggaaaa tcgatgagtt aacagcgcaa aaacgtctga 6480 ctatctgatc gggcgagttt ttttgaacct caggccatga aggcatcaaa aatcgatgct 6540 tacttcagac cttccttaac ctcagtagcg aggccggata aacgagtccc tttctatgat 6600 gctgtttcca gtaaactgac aaatttcatg cactgccgcc cgcgtgttca agcgctcaga 6660 ccttatagga aagcctcacg tctggattca gcttgccgcc gtagtttttc acattgatat 6720 cgacggtcgc tcgggacttg aggcccagat catcgatcac cagactgcgt accccatgca 6780 actctgccaa ccctgggact ccgtcacagg aagtggcgtg cgttgccccg acaaaagcga 6840 cccacttacc ttccggtttg ctcagcctta ttttttctgc tgcgtagtaa ttcatggctt 6900 gggcacgctt tatctcagct ttctccgggg ccatataggt ggacgttgta tccagcgaga 6960 caacgcgcaa cccggcgtgc ttggccgctt ccaccaaggt ggtgaagtta tatttcgtgt 7020 ggagctcttc cggggcctga tgaccctgac tctgcaaatc gaggtagttt ttcagcctgg 7080 caggcatcgg actgcctttg ggcgcgctca ggtaattatt gagcgccttg tcatgtgact 7140 cggcgcagag gtgctccata aaaagcgtgg tcacgccact ggccttcaag ctcttcatgt 7200 tattgatcag ttcacgcttg ctggacgttg aattgtgacc ctcaccaata acaagccccg 7260 gcgcatcacg taacagctcg cgcatgacac cgagactgtc cttgcttttc atcttcgtca 7320 acggcgccag ctcaggtaac ttttgcgcgt tgaaatcatc aaaataacgc gctgccttgg 7380 caatcagttt cttgtcatta ctgtcaggtg cccataaacc cttggacgtc cccagacaac 7440 tgtccatttc aaggtaattg agatttatat gaaggtggtc ccgaccttcc gagacaacaa 7500 cgtcggccag cttgagacct tgagcctcaa ggcgctgttc aagggcgtgc ttgccttctt 7560 gcaacaggat gctcacaaca tttgcagaca gttggctgct tttccccgct gcttttgagg 7620 gtgccagcgc ataggggtgc gggctctcac accagcgcgc gagctcggca agatcgctcg 7680 ccttgaagtt cgtatcctgc aatgctttgc tttgagctga agccgaggtc gaggccacgc 7740 tctggccgcc gtgcacatga ctgctgcctg ctgcgtccgg cttacgcctt ctggtgtgct 7800 ttacgccatc ctttccgcca ggctcctgcc cctcgatttt cagccggata ttttctacct 7860 tcatatccgg atagcgcccg gctggaaagc gcttcaggtc ccccagcatt ggagtctctg 7920 gcgcaacgct ggctgctgga gaggaactgg cctgtgaaga tcgggcgcga tcgtttcctg 7980 cagcttgcgc agtgggacgc tcagcttcat aggttggcgg ataatagcct ggagccggtc 8040 caccgacggg tctcatgatt gaatctccgc gtacgaaaaa tagtgccgag cccgggcgtg 8100 acgctgcccg ggccccgaca tttcagtcaa tcaatgcgcc ttcgcaatcc cgaactgatc 8160 aagcaccgga tcaacgttat ggtcgaacgc cttctgcgcc ttatgctttt tcacagcatc 8220 aatgatcatg gaaataccga aacctaccgc cagggcgcca tcgattgccc agccgaccac 8280 tggaatcgcg gcgcctaggg cggcacctgc ggcaaggccg gtggcttcac cggcaaccat 8340 gccgacggcg cgaccgatca tctgtccgcc cagacgccct aggccggctg aggcttcgcg 8400 gcccatcatc ttcgccccgg cgtcgatgcc acctttaatg gcctcggcgc ccatcctcgt 8460 gctgtcgtaa atggcctggg ttgcgccaag cttgtcgcca tgagcgatca ggctggacac 8520 tgaagcaaag cccacgatcg agttgagcgc cttgccgccg acgcccgcct cggcgagctg 8580 agtcaacatg gacggtccgc cctcatcgct tttgccttcc agaagcttgc ggcctttttt 8640 ggagtcttgc agcgtaccca acgtgctgtt catgtagttt tcatgctgat tttcggtgaa 8700 atcagggggc agcacgctgt cgtaaatggc tttctggtta tcggcggttt gcagagactg 8760 gctggcatca gactttttct ggccaagcag ctgcttcagt gcaccgcctt cgctgaagtt 8820 ggtcacgtag gacgtggcaa tcttgtcttg cagatcgggt ttgttttcaa gcacctgatt 8880 ggtagtgggt actttggaat cggggaacag gtctttttgc agttgcaact gggcggacaa 8940 accgctgatg gcgccgctgt aatcggcatt cggattatgt ttgttgacgg ccttgtccgc 9000 cttgtccata tcagtctgca gcgcttgacc gctattgacg tttttcgtct gctcgacgac 9060 tgccttttgc agcgaggcat cactgcggac cagattgcgc tcctgctcgg gaatgctttt 9120 attgaggtac gcttgtacgt caggatcagc ctgtagctgg gaaatccggt cgttcaaacc 9180 ctgctcggtc ttgtcggtgt tgcgcaggct gcgcccggcg ataacgcttt gctgggtctg 9240 ctgcaacttg accatgacgg ccgctttctg tgcaccgctg taagacttgg gtttgtcgaa 9300 tacgtccttg tccagcttgc tgatatcaat cccggccacc gcattgagcg tcgcagaatc 9360 gctgagcatg ctggcgaact ggccgccgtt ggtgggtgcg cttttcttga tccactcact 9420 cagatttttc gcgtcgaaca tcttatcagg gctgtgcgca gccttcttgc gccccgacat 9480 gcccgcttcg tctacctgac ccaaaaagcc tggttgcgac caggtgctgc aggactgttt 9540 gagcgctccg gacaaccctg ggttactttg tgccaacccc ttcaggtctt ctgcgtcgac 9600 attaccgtca actttggtct tgtccgctgc atccactgca tgatgtgggt cggcagcaat 9660 cgccagtggc atattggctc gcatcactgc cgcgctgcgc accatttcca gtgactgcgg 9720 gtcagcgtcg gggttgtcct tggtgtagtt ggccaagtcc ttgtcggcac tgtctgcggc 9780 cttttccata ttttttgcga aggtcttgag atctttgttc gtgatcttgc catctgcgtt 9840 gccaccaccc tgagcaacgt ccacggcggt cttcagcgcc gggttggcgt tgatgaaatc 9900 catggccttg ccggcatcgg ggccatcatc acgcgccatc catgccgctg caatcgggcg 9960 attgagctct ttcgccgcct gctcgcgctc ttcgggcggc agatgggcaa ccatcggctc 10020 ccaacgtttc agagcttctg gcgaggagta ttcagaattg tcgagaaagg ctgcgtctgc 10080 ggctttgggg gcgttggaag cgtcggttgc atctgtgttc gtgggagctg cgacctgttc 10140 aaccggagcg gccggggcag tcgcttcagt cggtgcagcc tcggcaggag aatctgcgca 10200 gggttgcggc tggacctgat tattcacatt ggcattggca gctgccccgc cactgccctg 10260 gagcaaaaga gccaggatag acgacgcggt ctgctcggct cctgtcggcg cgccttgcgt 10320 gttgccggcc ggctgaccga actgcacgcc ggcttgccca ccgccaccca caggtgtcgg 10380 caaggctttg gcaagaggcg actcaacagc cagagccagt tcgccaggag tgggttggtt 10440 cacgataacg aagggagaac tggatatacg catggtgagt tgccatccga gagtgagcga 10500 tggcaactgt gtggttgaag gtgcaagttg gttccagaaa aaatgatcga gatcgccatt 10560 caggcgaacg ggtcgatttg ctgcttgagc tgaacccgcg cgcgggacag gcgtgagcga 10620 acggtgccaa tcggcacgcc gaggctgttc gctgtttcct gataattgcc gtccatctcc 10680 agcgacactt ccagcacttt ttgcatgttc gacggcaggc aatcaatggc ctgaatgact 10740 cgcgccagtt gccgatgccc ctctacctga tgactgacat caccgtgccc ttccagctcg 10800 gaatgcactt cgtcttccca gctttcctga tacggctgac gatacatttt gcggaagtga 10860 ttgcggatca ggttcagcgc gatgccacac agccaggtct gcggtttgct ggcatgttga 10920 aacttgtgct cgttacgcan ggcttcaaga aacacgcact ggagaatgtc atccacatca 10980 tcagggttca tacccgcttt ttggataaac gccctgagca tctgaatctg atcgggcggc 11040 atttggcgaa ataccgcgga cnaaaatggc tgacngggct gggttgagtc nangatcaca 11100 atcttttgaa acatgggctt accctgatta atggngtaca aaccctatag cgataaccat 11160 gccnncttaa aaaaanaaaa aactggntga tttatnaaaa aattttaaaa anngaaattt 11220 tttgtataca aaacttgggc naccgntttt gcccaaaact tttgggcaaa aanatnggan 11280 ctttcanggg antgatccng gaccgnaacc cttannggaa taatccggtt aaancggcta 11340 tnaaanagng ttccnctata tggnaaaatt cgggggccca cccnttngaa ccttttggna 11400 accctttcaa tgttgatttg ncaaataagg gattnnccca aaaggtttng ctttnggg 11458 Several undefined nucleotides exist in SEQ. ID. No. 18, however these appear to be present in intergenic regions. The EEL of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 contains a number of ORFs. One of the products encoded by the EEL is a homolog of TnpA′ from P. stutzeri. An additional four products are produced by ORF1–4, respectively. The nucleotide sequences for a number of these ORFs and their encoded protein or polypeptide products are provided below.

The DNA molecule of ORF1 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 19) as follows:

atgagacccg tcggtggacc ggctccaggc tattatccgc caacctatga agctgagcgt 60 cccactgcgc aagctgcagg aaacgatcgc gcccgatctt cacaggccag ttcctctcca 120 gcagccagcg ttgcgccaga gactccaatg ctgggggacc tgaagcgctt tccagccggg 180 cgctatccgg atatgaaggt agaaaatatc cggctgaaaa tcgaggggca ggagcctggc 240 ggaaaggatg gcgtaaagca caccagaagg cgtaagccgg acgcagcagg cagcagtcat 300 gtgcacggcg gccagagcgt ggcctcgacc tcggcttcag ctcaaagcaa agcattgcag 360 gatacgaact tcaaggcgag cgatcttgcc gagctcgcgc gctggtgtga gagcccgcac 420 ccctatgcgc tggcaccctc aaaagcagcg gggaaaagca gccaactgtc tgcaaatgtt 480 gtgagcatcc tgttgcaaga aggcaagcac gcccttgaac agcgccttga ggctcaaggt 540 ctcaagctgg ccgacgttgt tgtctcggaa ggtcgggacc accttcatat aaatctcaat 600 taccttgaaa tggacagttg tctggggacg tccaagggtt tatgggcacc tgacagtaat 660 gacaagaaac tgattgccaa ggcagcgcgt tattttgatg atttcaacgc gcaaaagtta 720 cctgagctgg cgccgttgac gaagatgaaa agcaaggaca gtctcggtgt catgcgcgag 780 ctgttacgtg atgcgccggg gcttgttatt ggtgagggtc acaattcaac gtccagcaag 840 cgtgaactga tcaataacat gaagagcttg aaggccagtg gcgtgaccac gctttttatg 900 gagcacctct gcgccgagtc acatgacaag gcgctcaata attacctgag cgcgcccaaa 960 ggcagtccga tgcctgccag gctgaaaaac tacctcgatt tgcagagtca gggtcatcag 1020 gccccggaag agctccacac gaaatataac ttcaccacct tggtggaagc ggccaagcac 1080 gccgggttgc gcgttgtctc gctggataca acgtccacct atatggcccc ggagaaagct 1140 gagataaagc gtgcccaagc catgaattac tacgcagcag aaaaaataag gctgagcaaa 1200 ccggaaggta agtgggtcgc ttttgtcggg gcaacgcacg ccacttcctg tgacggagtc 1260 ccagggttgg cagagttgca tggggtacgc agtctggtga tcgatgatct gggcctcaag 1320 tcccgagcga ccgtcgatat caatgtgaaa aactacggcg gcaagctgaa tccagacgtg 1380 aggctttcct ataaggtctg a 1401 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 EEL ORF1 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 20) as follows:

Met Arg Pro Val Gly Gly Pro Ala Pro Gly Tyr Tyr Pro Pro Thr Tyr   1               5                  10                  15 Glu Ala Glu Arg Pro Thr Ala Gln Ala Ala Gly Asn Asp Arg Ala Arg              20                  25                  30 Ser Ser Gln Ala Ser Ser Ser Pro Ala Ala Ser Val Ala Pro Glu Thr          35                  40                  45 Pro Met Leu Gly Asp Leu Lys Arg Phe Pro Ala Gly Arg Tyr Pro Asp      50                  55                  60 Met Lys Val Glu Asn Ile Arg Leu Lys Ile Glu Gly Gln Glu Pro Gly  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Lys Asp Gly Val Lys His Thr Arg Arg Arg Lys Pro Asp Ala Ala                  85                  90                  95 Gly Ser Ser His Val His Gly Gly Gln Ser Val Ala Ser Thr Ser Ala             100                 105                 110 Ser Ala Gln Ser Lys Ala Leu Gln Asp Thr Asn Phe Lys Ala Ser Asp         115                 120                 125 Leu Ala Glu Leu Ala Arg Trp Cys Glu Ser Pro His Pro Tyr Ala Leu     130                 135                 140 Ala Pro Ser Lys Ala Ala Gly Lys Ser Ser Gln Leu Ser Ala Asn Val 145                 150                 155                 160 Val Ser Ile Leu Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys His Ala Leu Glu Gln Arg Leu                 165                 170                 175 Glu Ala Gln Gly Leu Lys Leu Ala Asp Val Val Val Ser Glu Gly Arg             180                 185                 190 Asp His Leu His Ile Asn Leu Asn Tyr Leu Glu Met Asp Ser Cys Leu         195                 200                 205 Gly Thr Ser Lys Gly Leu Trp Ala Pro Asp Ser Asn Asp Lys Lys Leu     210                 215                 220 Ile Ala Lys Ala Ala Arg Tyr Phe Asp Asp Phe Asn Ala Gln Lys Leu 225                 230                 235                 240 Pro Glu Leu Ala Pro Leu Thr Lys Met Lys Ser Lys Asp Ser Leu Gly                 245                 250                 255 Val Met Arg Glu Leu Leu Arg Asp Ala Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Gly Glu             260                 265                 270 Gly His Asn Ser Thr Ser Ser Lys Arg Glu Leu Ile Asn Asn Met Lys         275                 280                 285 Ser Leu Lys Ala Ser Gly Val Thr Thr Leu Phe Met Glu His Leu Cys     290                 295                 300 Ala Glu Ser His Asp Lys Ala Leu Asn Asn Tyr Leu Ser Ala Pro Lys 305                 310                 315                 320 Gly Ser Pro Met Pro Ala Arg Leu Lys Asn Tyr Leu Asp Leu Gln Ser                 325                 330                 335 Gln Gly His Gln Ala Pro Glu Glu Leu His Thr Lys Tyr Asn Phe Thr             340                 345                 350 Thr Leu Val Glu Ala Ala Lys His Ala Gly Leu Arg Val Val Ser Leu         355                 360                 365 Asp Thr Thr Ser Thr Tyr Met Ala Pro Glu Lys Ala Glu Ile Lys Arg     370                 375                 380 Ala Gln Ala Met Asn Tyr Tyr Ala Ala Glu Lys Ile Arg Leu Ser Lys 385                 390                 395                 400 Pro Glu Gly Lys Trp Val Ala Phe Val Gly Ala Thr His Ala Thr Ser                 405                 410                 415 Cys Asp Gly Val Pro Gly Leu Ala Glu Leu His Gly Val Arg Ser Leu             420                 425                 430 Val Ile Asp Asp Leu Gly Leu Lys Ser Arg Ala Thr Val Asp Ile Asn         435                 440                 445 Val Lys Asn Tyr Gly Gly Lys Leu Asn Pro Asp Val Arg Leu Ser Tyr     450                 455                 460 Lys Val 465

The DNA molecule of ORF2 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 21) as follows:

atgcaaaaga cgaccctatg ggctttagcc tttgcaatgt tggcagggtg tggggtttcg 60 gggccggcgc cgggaagtga tattcagggt gcccaggcag agatgaaaac acccgttaaa 120 ctaaatctgg atgcctacac ctcaaaaaaa ctggatgctg tgctggaagc ccgcaccaac 180 aaaagttata tgaataaagg tcagctgatc gaccttgtat caggagcgtt tttaggaaca 240 ccgtaccgct caaacatgtt ggtgggctca gcgaatgtac ctgaacaatt agtcatcgac 300 ttcagaggtc tggattgttt tgcttatctg gattacgtcg aagcgtttcg aagatcaaca 360 tcgcagcagg attttgtgag gaatctcgtt caggttcgtt acaagggtgg cgatgttgac 420 tttttgaatc gcaagcactt tttcacggat tgggcttacg gaacggcata ccctgtggcg 480 gatgacatta ccgcgcagat aagccccggt gcggtaagtg tcagaaaacg ccttaatgaa 540 agggccaaag gcaaagtcta tctgccaggg ttgcctgtgg ttgagcgtag catgacgtat 600 atcccgagcc gccttgtcga cagtcaggtg gtgagccacc tgcgcaccgg tgattacatt 660 ggcatttaca cccccgcttc ccgggctgga tgtgacacac gtcggtttct ttatcgtgac 720 ggataa 726 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 EEL ORF2 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 22) as follows:

Met Gln Lys Thr Thr Leu Trp Ala Leu Ala Phe Ala Met Leu Ala Gly   1               5                  10                  15 Cys Gly Val Ser Gly Pro Ala Pro Gly Ser Asp Ile Gln Gly Ala Gln              20                  25                  30 Ala Glu Met Lys Thr Pro Val Lys Leu Asn Leu Asp Ala Tyr Thr Ser          35                  40                  45 Lys Lys Leu Asp Ala Val Leu Glu Ala Arg Thr Asn Lys Ser Tyr Met      50                  55                  60 Asn Lys Gly Gln Leu Ile Asp Leu Val Ser Gly Ala Phe Leu Gly Thr 65                  70                  75                  80 Pro Tyr Arg Ser Asn Met Leu Val Gly Ser Ala Asn Val Pro Glu Gln                  85                  90                  95 Leu Val Ile Asp Phe Arg Gly Leu Asp Cys Phe Ala Tyr Leu Asp Tyr             100                 105                 110 Val Glu Ala Phe Arg Arg Ser Thr Ser Gln Gln Asp Phe Val Arg Asn         115                 120                 125 Leu Val Gln Val Arg Tyr Lys Gly Gly Asp Val Asp Phe Leu Asn Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys His Phe Phe Thr Asp Trp Ala Tyr Gly Thr Ala Tyr Pro Val Ala 145                 150                 155                 160 Asp Asp Ile Thr Ala Gln Ile Ser Pro Gly Ala Val Ser Val Arg Lys                 165                 170                 175 Arg Leu Asn Glu Arg Ala Lys Gly Lys Val Tyr Leu Pro Gly Leu Pro             180                 185                 190 Val Val Glu Arg Ser Met Thr Tyr Ile Pro Ser Arg Leu Val Asp Ser         195                 200                 205 Gln Val Val Ser His Leu Arg Thr Gly Asp Tyr Ile Gly Ile Tyr Thr     210                 215                 220 Pro Ala Ser Arg Ala Gly Cys Asp Thr Arg Arg Phe Leu Tyr Arg Asp 225                 230                 235                 240 Gly

The DNA molecule of ORF3 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 23) as follows:

atgcgcgcgt ataaaaacct gacggcaaag atcggcggct ttctgcttgc gctgacgatc 60 attggcactt cgctacctgc atttgccgta aacgattgtg atctggacaa cgacaacagc 120 accggtgcca cgtgtggcgg caacgacaag gatctggata acgacaacgt gactgacgcg 180 gcatttggcg gcaacgacaa ggatatggac aatgaccacc acaccgacgc ggcatttggg 240 ggtaacgaca aggacctgga caacgatcac catacggatg cagcgtttgg cggtaacgac 300 aaagatctcg acaacgacaa caaaaccgat gcggctttcg gtggaaatga ccgcgatctt 360 gataacgaca acaacaccga caactacaac ggcacgccgt ctgccgctaa aaagtag 417 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 EEL ORF3 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 24) as follows:

Met Arg Ala Tyr Lys Asn Leu Thr Ala Lys Ile Gly Gly Phe Leu Leu   1               5                  10                  15 Ala Leu Thr Ile Ile Gly Thr Ser Leu Pro Ala Phe Ala Val Asn Asp                  20                  25                  30 Cys Asp Leu Asp Asn Asp Asn Ser Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Gly Gly Asn          35                  40                  45 Asp Lys Asp Leu Asp Asn Asp Asn Val Thr Asp Ala Ala Phe Gly Gly      50                  55                  60 Asn Asp Lys Asp Met Asp Asn Asp His His Thr Asp Ala Ala Phe Gly  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Asn Asp Lys Asp Leu Asp Asn Asp His His Thr Asp Ala Ala Phe                  85                  90                  95 Gly Gly Asn Asp Lys Asp Leu Asp Asn Asp Asn Lys Thr Asp Ala Ala             100                 105                 110 Phe Gly Gly Asn Asp Arg Asp Leu Asp Asn Asp Asn Asn Thr Asp Asn         115                 120                 125 Tyr Asn Gly Thr Pro Ser Ala Ala Lys Lys     130                 135 P. s. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 EEL ORF3 has now been shown to significantly reduce virulence when mutated. Perhaps more interestingly, overexpression strongly increases lesion size. Hence, this effector is biologically active and appears to have a key role in symptom production.

The DNA molecule of ORF4 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 25) as follows:

atgaacaaga tcgtctacgt aaaagcttac ttcaaaccca ttggggagga agtctcggtt 60 aaagtaccta caggcgaaat taaaaagggc tttttcggcg acaaggaaat catgaaaaaa 120 gagacccagt ggcagcaaac cgggtggtct gattgtcaga tagacggtga acggctatcg 180 aaagacgtcg aagacgcagt ggcgcaactc aatgctgacg gttatgagat tcaaacggta 240 ttgcctatat tgtccggggc ttatgattat gcgctcaaat accgatacga aatacgtcac 300 aatagaactg aactaagccc aggagaccag tcctatgtct tcggctatgg ctacagcttc 360 accgaaggcg tgacgctggt ggcgaaaaaa tttcagtcgt ctgcaagctg a 411 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Pto DC3000 EEL ORF4 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 26) as follows:

Met Asn Lys Ile Val Tyr Val Lys Ala Tyr Phe Lys Pro Ile Gly Glu   1               5                  10                  15 Glu Val Ser Val Lys Val Pro Thr Gly Glu Ile Lys Lys Gly Phe Phe              20                  25                  30 Gly Asp Lys Glu Ile Met Lys Lys Glu Thr Gln Trp Gln Gln Thr Gly          35                  40                  45 Trp Ser Asp Cys Gln Ile Asp Gly Glu Arg Leu Ser Lys Asp Val Glu      50                  55                  60 Asp Ala Val Ala Gln Leu Asn Ala Asp Gly Tyr Glu Ile Gln Thr Val  65                  70                  75                  80 Leu Pro Ile Leu Ser Gly Ala Tyr Asp Tyr Ala Leu Lys Tyr Arg Tyr                  85                  90                  95 Glu Ile Arg His Asn Arg Thr Glu Leu Ser Pro Gly Asp Gln Ser Tyr             100                 105                 110 Val Phe Gly Tyr Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Glu Gly Val Thr Leu Val Ala         115                 120                 125 Lys Lys Phe Gln Ser Ser Ala Ser     130                 135

The EEL of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a contains a number of ORFs. Two of the open reading frames appear to be mobile genetic elements without comparable homologs in EELs of other Pseudomonas syringae variants. An additional four products are produced by ORF1-2 and ORF5-6, respectively. The nucleotide sequences for a number of these ORFs and their encoded protein or polypeptide products are provided below.

The DNA molecule of ORF1 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 27) as follows:

atgggttgcg tatcgtcaaa agcatctgtc atttcttcgg acagctttcg cgcatcatat 60 acaaactctc cagaggcatc ctcagtccat caacgagcca ggacgccaag gtgcggtgag 120 cttcaggggc cccaagtgag cagattgatg ccttaccagc aggcgttagt aggtgtggcc 180 cgatggccta atccgcattt taacagggac gatgcgcccc accagatgga gtatggagaa 240 tcgttctacc ataaaagccg agagcttggt gcgtcggtcg ccaatggaga gatagaaacg 300 tttcaggagc tctggagtga agctcgtgat tggagagctt ccagagcagg ccaagatgct 360 cggcttttta gttcatcgcg tgatcccaac tcttcacggg cgtttgttac gcctataact 420 ggaccatacg aatttttaaa agatagattc gcaaaccgta aagatggaga aaagcataag 480 atgatggatt ttctcccaca cagcaatacg tttaggtttc atgggaaaat tgacggtgag 540 cgacttcctc tcacctggat ctcgataagt tctgatcgtc gtgccgacag aacaaaggat 600 ccttaccaaa ggttgcgcga ccaaggcatg aacgatgtgg gtgagcctaa tgtgatgttg 660 cacacccaag ccgagtatgt gcccaaaatt atgcaacatg tggagcatct ttataaggcc 720 gctacggatg ctgcattgtc cgatgccaat gcgctgaaaa aactcgcaga gatacattgg 780 tggacggtac aagctgttcc cgactttcgt ggaagtgcag ctaaggctga gctctgcgtg 840 cgctccattg cccaggcaag gggcatggac ctgccgccga tgagactcgg catcgtgccg 900 gatctggaag cgcttacgat gcctttgaaa gactttgtga aaagttacga agggttcttc 960 gaacataact ga 972 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Psy B728a EEL ORF1 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 28) as follows:

Met Gly Cys Val Ser Ser Lys Ala Ser Val Ile Ser Ser Asp Ser Phe   1               5                  10                  15 Arg Ala Ser Tyr Thr Asn Ser Pro Glu Ala Ser Ser Val His Gln Arg              20                  25                  30 Ala Arg Thr Pro Arg Cys Gly Glu Leu Gln Gly Pro Gln Val Ser Arg          35                  40                  45 Leu Met Pro Tyr Gln Gln Ala Leu Val Gly Val Ala Arg Trp Pro Asn      50                  55                  60 Pro His Phe Asn Arg Asp Asp Ala Pro His Gln Met Glu Tyr Gly Glu  65                  70                  75                  80 Ser Phe Tyr His Lys Ser Arg Glu Leu Gly Ala Ser Val Ala Asn Gly                  85                  90                  95 Glu Ile Glu Thr Phe Gln Glu Leu Trp Ser Glu Ala Arg Asp Trp Arg             100                 105                 110 Ala Ser Arg Ala Gly Gln Asp Ala Arg Leu Phe Ser Ser Ser Arg Asp         115                 120                 125 Pro Asn Ser Ser Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Pro Ile Thr Gly Pro Tyr Glu     130                 135                 140 Phe Leu Lys Asp Arg Phe Ala Asn Arg Lys Asp Gly Glu Lys His Lys 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Met Asp Phe Leu Pro His Ser Asn Thr Phe Arg Phe His Gly Lys                 165                 170                 175 Ile Asp Gly Glu Arg Leu Pro Leu Thr Trp Ile Ser Ile Ser Ser Asp             180                 185                 190 Arg Arg Ala Asp Arg Thr Lys Asp Pro Tyr Gln Arg Leu Arg Asp Gln         195                 200                 205 Gly Met Asn Asp Val Gly Glu Pro Asn Val Met Leu His Thr Gln Ala     210                 215                 220 Glu Tyr Val Pro Lys Ile Met Gln His Val Glu His Leu Tyr Lys Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ala Thr Asp Ala Ala Leu Ser Asp Ala Asn Ala Leu Lys Lys Leu Ala                 245                 250                 255 Glu Ile His Trp Trp Thr Val Gln Ala Val Pro Asp Phe Arg Gly Ser             260                 265                 270 Ala Ala Lys Ala Glu Leu Cys Val Arg Ser Ile Ala Gln Ala Arg Gly         275                 280                 285 Met Asp Leu Pro Pro Met Arg Leu Gly Ile Val Pro Asp Leu Glu Ala     290                 295                 300 Leu Thr Met Pro Leu Lys Asp Phe Val Lys Ser Tyr Glu Gly Phe Phe 305                 310                 315                 320 Glu His Asn As indicated in Table 1 (see Example 2), the DNA molecule encoding this protein or polypeptide bears significant homology to the nucleotide sequence from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola which encodes AvrPphC.

The DNA molecule of ORF2 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 29) as follows:

atgagaattc acagttccgg tcatggcatc tccggaccag tatcctctgc agaaaccgtt 60 gaaaaggccg tgcaatcatc ggcccaagcg cagaatgaag cgtctcacag cggtccatca 120 gaacatcctg aatcccgctc ctgtcaggca cgcccgaact acccttattc gtcagtcaaa 180 acacggttac cccctgttgc gtctgcaggg cagtcgctgt ctgagacacc ctcttcattg 240 cctggctacc tgctgttacg tcggcttgat cgtcgtccgc tggaccagga cgcaataaag 300 gggcttattc ctgctgatga agcagtgggc gaagcgcgcc gcgcgttgcc cttcggcagg 360 ggcaacattg atgtggatgc gcaacgctcc aacctggaaa gcggggcccg cacgctcgcc 420 gcaagacgcc tgagaaaaga cgccgagacg gcgggtcatg agccgatgcc cgagaacgaa 480 gacatgaact ggcatgtgct ggttgccatg tcgggtcagg tgttcggggc tggcaactgt 540 ggcgaacatg cccgtatagc gagctttgcc tacggtgcat cggctcagga aaaaggacgc 600 gctggcgatg aaaatattca tctggctgcg cagagcgggg aagatcatgt ctgggctgaa 660 acggatgatt ccagcgctgg ctcttcgcct attgtcatgg acccctggtc aaacggtcct 720 gccgtttttg cagaggacag tcggtttgct aaagataggc gcgcggtaga gcgaacggat 780 tcgttcacgc tttcaaccgc tgccaaagca ggcaagatta cacgagagac agccgagaag 840 gcgctgaccc aagcgaccag ccgtttgcag caacgtcttg ctgatcagca ggcgcaagtc 900 tcgccggttg aaggtggtcg ctatcggcaa gaaaactcgg tgcttgatga tgcgttcgcc 960 cgacgagtca gtgacatgtt gaacaatgcc gatccacggc gtgcattgca ggtggaaatc 1020 gaggcgtccg gagttgcaat gtcgctgggt gcccaaggcg tcaagacggt cgtccgacag 1080 gcgccaaaag tggtcaggca agccagaggc gtcgcatctg ctaaaggtat gtctccgcga 1140 gcaacctga 1149 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Psy B728a EEL ORF2 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 30) as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ser Gly His Gly Ile Ser Gly Pro Val Ser Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Ala Glu Thr Val Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ala Gln Ala Gln Asn              20                  25                  30 Glu Ala Ser His Ser Gly Pro Ser Glu His Pro Glu Ser Arg Ser Cys          35                  40                  45 Gln Ala Arg Pro Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro      50                  55                  60 Pro Val Ala Ser Ala Gly Gln Ser Leu Ser Glu Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu  65                  70                  75                  80 Pro Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Gln                  85                  90                  95 Asp Ala Ile Lys Gly Leu Ile Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Val Gly Glu Ala             100                 105                 110 Arg Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln         115                 120                 125 Arg Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Ala Arg Thr Leu Ala Ala Arg Arg Leu     130                 135                 140 Arg Lys Asp Ala Glu Thr Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Glu Asn Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Asp Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly                 165                 170                 175 Ala Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly             180                 185                 190 Ala Ser Ala Gln Glu Lys Gly Arg Ala Gly Asp Glu Asn Ile His Leu         195                 200                 205 Ala Ala Gln Ser Gly Glu Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asp Ser     210                 215                 220 Ser Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Pro 225                 230                 235                 240 Ala Val Phe Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Arg Ala Val                 245                 250                 255 Glu Arg Thr Asp Ser Phe Thr Leu Ser Thr Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Lys             260                 265                 270 Ile Thr Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Lys Ala Leu Thr Gln Ala Thr Ser Arg         275                 280                 285 Leu Gln Gln Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Gln Ala Gln Val Ser Pro Val Glu     290                 295                 300 Gly Gly Arg Tyr Arg Gln Glu Asn Ser Val Leu Asp Asp Ala Phe Ala 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Arg Val Ser Asp Met Leu Asn Asn Ala Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu                 325                 330                 335 Gln Val Glu Ile Glu Ala Ser Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Gln             340                 345                 350 Gly Val Lys Thr Val Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala         355                 360                 365 Arg Gly Val Ala Ser Ala Lys Gly Met Ser Pro Arg Ala Thr     370                 375                 380 As indicated in Table 1 (see Example 2), the DNA molecule encoding this protein or polypeptide bears significant homology to the nucleotide sequence from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola which encodes AvrPphE.

The DNA molecule of ORF5 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 31) as follows:

atgaatatct caggtccgaa cagacgtcag gggactcagg cagagaacac tgaaagcgct 60 tcgtcatcat cggtaactaa cccaccgcta cagcgtggcg agggcagacg tctgcgacgt 120 caggatgcgc tgccaacgga tatcagatac aacgccaacc agacagcgac atcaccgcaa 180 aacgcgcgcg cggcaggaag atatgaatca ggggccagct catccggcgc gaatgatact 240 ccgcaggctg aaggttcaat gccttcgtcg tccgcccttt tacaatttcg cctcgccggc 300 gggcggaacc attctgagct ggaaaatttt catactatga tgctgaactc accgaaagca 360 tcacggggag atgctatacc tgagaagccc gaagcaatac ctaagcgcct actggagaag 420 atggaaccga ttaacctggc ccagttagct ttgcgtgata aggatctgca tgaatatgcc 480 gtaatggtct gtaaccaagt gaaaaagggt gaaggtccga actccaatat tacgcaagga 540 gatatcaagt tactgccgct gttcgccaaa gcggaaaata caagaaatcc cggcttgaat 600 ctgcatacat tcaaaagtca taaagactgt taccaggcga taaaagagca aaacagggat 660 attcaaaaaa acaagcaatc gctgagtatg cgggttgttt accccccatt caaaaagatg 720 ccagaccacc atatagcctt ggatatccaa ctgagatacg gccatcgacc gtcgattgtc 780 ggctttgagt ctgcccctgg gaacattata gatgctgcag aaagggaaat actttcagca 840 ttaggcaacg tcaaaatcaa aatggtagga aattttcttc aatactcgaa aactgactgc 900 accatgtttg cgcttaataa cgccctgaaa gcttttaaac atcacgaaga atataccgcc 960 cgtctgcaca atggagaaaa gcaggtgcct atcccggcga ccttcttgaa acatgctcag 1020 tcaaaaagct tagtggagaa tcacccggaa aaagatacca ccgtcactaa agaccagggc 1080 ggtctgcata tggaaacgct attacacaga aaccgtgcct accgggcgca acgatctgcc 1140 ggtcagcacg ttacctctat tgaaggtttc agaatgcagg aaataaagag agcaggtgac 1200 ttccttgccg caaacagggt ccgggccaag ccttga 1236 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Psy B728a EEL ORF5 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 32) as follows:

Met Asn Ile Ser Gly Pro Asn Arg Arg Gln Gly Thr Gln Ala Glu Asn   1               5                  10                  15 Thr Glu Ser Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Val Thr Asn Pro Pro Leu Gln Arg              20                  25                  30 Gly Glu Gly Arg Arg Leu Arg Arg Gln Asp Ala Leu Pro Thr Asp Ile          35                  40                  45 Arg Tyr Asn Ala Asn Gln Thr Ala Thr Ser Pro Gln Asn Ala Arg Ala      50                  55                  60 Ala Gly Arg Tyr Glu Ser Gly Ala Ser Ser Ser Gly Ala Asn Asp Thr  65                  70                  75                  80 Pro Gln Ala Glu Gly Ser Met Pro Ser Ser Ser Ala Leu Leu Gln Phe                  85                  90                  95 Arg Leu Ala Gly Gly Arg Asn His Ser Glu Leu Glu Asn Phe His Thr             100                 105                 110 Met Met Leu Asn Ser Pro Lys Ala Ser Arg Gly Asp Ala Ile Pro Glu         115                 120                 125 Lys Pro Glu Ala Ile Pro Lys Arg Leu Leu Glu Lys Met Glu Pro Ile     130                 135                 140 Asn Leu Ala Gln Leu Ala Leu Arg Asp Lys Asp Leu His Glu Tyr Ala 145                 150                 155                 160 Val Met Val Cys Asn Gln Val Lys Lys Gly Glu Gly Pro Asn Ser Asn                 165                 170                 175 Ile Thr Gln Gly Asp Ile Lys Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Lys Ala Glu             180                 185                 190 Asn Thr Arg Asn Pro Gly Leu Asn Leu His Thr Phe Lys Ser His Lys         195                 200                 205 Asp Cys Tyr Gln Ala Ile Lys Glu Gln Asn Arg Asp Ile Gln Lys Asn     210                 215                 220 Lys Gln Ser Leu Ser Met Arg Val Val Tyr Pro Pro Phe Lys Lys Met 225                 230                 235                 240 Pro Asp His His Ile Ala Leu Asp Ile Gln Leu Arg Tyr Gly His Arg                 245                 250                 255 Pro Ser Ile Val Gly Phe Glu Ser Ala Pro Gly Asn Ile Ile Asp Ala             260                 265                 270 Ala Glu Arg Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Gly Asn Val Lys Ile Lys Met         275                 280                 285 Val Gly Asn Phe Leu Gln Tyr Ser Lys Thr Asp Cys Thr Met Phe Ala     290                 295                 300 Leu Asn Asn Ala Leu Lys Ala Phe Lys His His Glu Glu Tyr Thr Ala 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Leu His Asn Gly Glu Lys Gln Val Pro Ile Pro Ala Thr Phe Leu                 325                 330                 335 Lys His Ala Gln Ser Lys Ser Leu Val Glu Asn His Pro Glu Lys Asp             340                 345                 350 Thr Thr Val Thr Lys Asp Gln Gly Gly Leu His Met Glu Thr Leu Leu         355                 360                 365 His Arg Asn Arg Ala Tyr Arg Ala Gln Arg Ser Ala Gly Gln His Val     370                 375                 380 Thr Ser Ile Glu Gly Phe Arg Met Gln Glu Ile Lys Arg Ala Gly Asp 385                 390                 395                 400 Phe Leu Ala Ala Asn Arg Val Arg Ala Lys Pro                 405                 410

The DNA molecule of ORF6 from the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a EEL has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 33) as follows:

atgacgctgg aacggattga acagcaaaat acgctgtttg tttatctgtg cgtgggcacg 60 ctttctactc cagccagcag cacacttctg agcgatattc tggccgccaa cctctttcat 120 tatgggtcca gcgatggggc ggccttcggg ctggacgaaa aaaataatga agtgctgctt 180 tttcagcggt ttgatccgtt acggattgat gaggatcact ttgtcagcgc ctgcgttcag 240 atgatcgaag tggcgaaaat atggcgggca aagttactgc atggccattc tgctccgctc 300 gcctcctcaa ccaggctgac gaaagccggt ttaatgctaa ccatggcggg gactattcga 360 tga 363 The protein or polypeptide encoded by Psy B728a EEL ORF6 has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 34) as follows:

Met Thr Leu Glu Arg Ile Glu Gln Gln Asn Thr Leu Phe Val Tyr Leu   1               5                  10                  15 Cys Val Gly Thr Leu Ser Thr Pro Ala Ser Ser Thr Leu Leu Ser Asp              20                  25                  30 Ile Leu Ala Ala Asn Leu Phe His Tyr Gly Ser Ser Asp Gly Ala Ala          35                  40                  45 Phe Gly Leu Asp Glu Lys Asn Asn Glu Val Leu Leu Phe Gln Arg Phe      50                  55                  60 Asp Pro Leu Arg Ile Asp Glu Asp His Phe Val Ser Ala Cys Val Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Met Ile Glu Val Ala Lys Ile Trp Arg Ala Lys Leu Leu His Gly His                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ala Pro Leu Ala Ser Ser Thr Arg Leu Thr Lys Ala Gly Leu Met             100                 105                 110 Leu Thr Met Ala Gly Thr Ile Arg         115                 120

The EEL of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 contains a number of ORFs. One of the open reading frames encodes the outer membrane protein HopPsyA. The DNA molecule which encodes HopPsyA has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 35) as follows:

gtgaacccta tccatgcacg cttctccagc gtagaagcgc tcagacattc aaacgttgat 60 attcaggcaa tcaaatccga gggtcagttg gaagtcaacg gcaagcgtta cgagattcgt 120 gcggccgctg acggctcaat cgcggtcctc agacccgatc aacagtccaa agcagacaag 180 ttcttcaaag gcgcagcgca tcttattggc ggacaaagcc agcgtgccca aatagcccag 240 gtactcaacg agaaagcggc ggcagttcca cgcctggaca gaatgttggg cagacgcttc 300 gatctggaga agggcggaag tagcgctgtg ggcgccgcaa tcaaggctgc cgacagccga 360 ctgacatcaa aacagacatt tgccagcttc cagcaatggg ctgaaaaagc tgaggcgctc 420 gggcgatacc gaaatcggta tctacatgat ctacaagagg gacacgccag acacaacgcc 480 tatgaatgcg gcagagtcaa gaacattacc tggaaacgct acaggctctc gataacaaga 540 aaaaccttat catacgcccc gcagatccat gatgatcggg aagaggaaga gcttgatctg 600 ggccgataca tcgctgaaga cagaaatgcc agaaccggct tttttagaat ggttcctaaa 660 gaccaacgcg cacctgagac aaactcggga cgacttacca ttggtgtaga acctaaatat 720 ggagcgcagt tggccctcgc aatggcaacc ctgatggaca agcacaaatc tgtgacacaa 780 ggtaaagtcg tcggtccggc aaaatatggc cagcaaactg actctgccat tctttacata 840 aatggtgatc ttgcaaaagc agtaaaactg ggcgaaaagc tgaaaaagct gagcggtatc 900 cctcctgaag gattcgtcga acatacaccg ctaagcatgc agtcgacggg tctcggtctt 960 tcttatgccg agtcggttga agggcagcct tccagccacg gacaggcgag aacacacgtt 1020 atcatggatg ccttgaaagg ccagggcccc atggagaaca gactcaaaat ggcgctggca 1080 gaaagaggct atgacccgga aaatccggcg ctcagggcgc gaaactga 1128 HopPsyA has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 36) as follows:

Val Asn Pro Ile His Ala Arg Phe Ser Ser Val Glu Ala Leu Arg His   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Asn Val Asp Ile Gln Ala Ile Lys Ser Glu Gly Gln Leu Glu Val              20                  25                  30 Asn Gly Lys Arg Tyr Glu Ile Arg Ala Ala Ala Asp Gly Ser Ile Ala          35                  40                  45 Val Leu Arg Pro Asp Gln Gln Ser Lys Ala Asp Lys Phe Phe Lys Gly      50                  55                  60 Ala Ala His Leu Ile Gly Gly Gln Ser Gln Arg Ala Gln Ile Ala Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Val Leu Asn Glu Lys Ala Ala Ala Val Pro Arg Leu Asp Arg Met Leu                  85                  90                  95 Gly Arg Arg Phe Asp Leu Glu Lys Gly Gly Ser Ser Ala Val Gly Ala             100                 105                 110 Ala Ile Lys Ala Ala Asp Ser Arg Leu Thr Ser Lys Gln Thr Phe Ala         115                 120                 125 Ser Phe Gln Gln Trp Ala Glu Lys Ala Glu Ala Leu Gly Arg Tyr Arg     130                 135                 140 Asn Arg Tyr Leu His Asp Leu Gln Glu Gly His Ala Arg His Asn Ala 145                 150                 155                 160 Tyr Glu Cys Gly Arg Val Lys Asn Ile Thr Trp Lys Arg Tyr Arg Leu                 165                 170                 175 Ser Ile Thr Arg Lys Thr Leu Ser Tyr Ala Pro Gln Ile His Asp Asp             180                 185                 190 Arg Glu Glu Glu Glu Leu Asp Leu Gly Arg Tyr Ile Ala Glu Asp Arg         195                 200                 205 Asn Ala Arg Thr Gly Phe Phe Arg Met Val Pro Lys Asp Gln Arg Ala     210                 215                 220 Pro Glu Thr Asn Ser Gly Arg Leu Thr Ile Gly Val Glu Pro Lys Tyr 225                 230                 235                 240 Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Leu Ala Met Ala Thr Leu Met Asp Lys His Lys                 245                 250                 255 Ser Val Thr Gln Gly Lys Val Val Gly Pro Ala Lys Tyr Gly Gln Gln             260                 265                 270 Thr Asp Ser Ala Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asn Gly Asp Leu Ala Lys Ala Val         275                 280                 285 Lys Leu Gly Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Ser Gly Ile Pro Pro Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Phe Val Glu His Thr Pro Leu Ser Met Gln Ser Thr Gly Leu Gly Leu 305                 310                 315                 320 Ser Tyr Ala Glu Ser Val Glu Gly Gln Pro Ser Ser His Gly Gln Ala                 325                 330                 335 Arg Thr His Val Ile Met Asp Ala Leu Lys Gly Gln Gly Pro Met Glu             340                 345                 350 Asn Arg Leu Lys Met Ala Leu Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr Asp Pro Glu Asn         355                 360                 365 Pro Ala Leu Arg Ala Arg Asn     370                 375

The remaining open reading frame, designated shcA, is a DNA molecule having a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 37) as follows:

atggagatgc ccgccttggc gtttgacgat aagggtgcgt gcaacatgat catcgacaag 60 gcattcgctc tgacgctgtt gcgcgacgac acgcatcaac gtttgttgct gattggtctg 120 cttgagccac acgaggatct acccttgcag cgcctgttgg ctggcgctct caaccccctt 180 gtgaatgccg gccccggcat tggctgggat gagcaaagcg gcctgtacca cgcttaccaa 240 agcatcccgc gggaaaaagt cagcgtggag atgctgaagc tcgaaattgc aggattggtc 300 gaatggatga agtgttggcg agaagcccgc acgtga 336 The encoded protein or polypeptide, ShcA, has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 38) as follows:

Met Glu Met Pro Ala Leu Ala Phe Asp Asp Lys Gly Ala Cys Asn Met   1               5                  10                  15 Ile Ile Asp Lys Ala Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Leu Arg Asp Asp Thr His              20                  25                  30 Gln Arg Leu Leu Leu Ile Gly Leu Leu Glu Pro His Glu Asp Leu Pro          35                  40                  45 Leu Gln Arg Leu Leu Ala Gly Ala Leu Asn Pro Leu Val Asn Ala Gly      50                  55                  60 Pro Gly Ile Gly Trp Asp Glu Gln Ser Gly Leu Tyr His Ala Tyr Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Ser Ile Pro Arg Glu Lys Val Ser Val Glu Met Leu Lys Leu Glu Ile                  85                  90                  95 Ala Gly Leu Val Glu Trp Met Lys Cys Trp Arg Glu Ala Arg Thr             100                 105                 110

In addition to the above DNA molecules and proteins or polypeptides, the present invention also relates to homologs of various DNA molecules of the present invention which have been isolated from other Pseudomonas syringae pathovars. For example, a number of AvrPphE, AvrPphF, and HopPsyA homologs have been identified from Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.

The DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. angulata which encodes an AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 39) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cctgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttacagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ctgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc tacagggcag gccatttctg ccacgccatc ttcattgccc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc ggtgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccgg gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgcagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagta cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttacgc gtgaaaccgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaaa cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagcaggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 40) for the AvrPphE homolog of Pseudomonas syringae pv. angulata is as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Tyr Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Leu Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Ala Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Val Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Gly Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Ala Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Thr Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Thr Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Gln Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380 This protein or polypeptide has GC content of about 57 percent, an estimated isoelectric point of about 9.5, and an estimated molecular weight of about 41 kDa.

The DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea which encodes an AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 41) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cccgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttgcagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ccgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc cacagggcag gccatttctg acacgccatc ttcattgtcc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc gttgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccga gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgtagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagtg cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttgcgc gtgaaaccgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaaa cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagccggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 42) for the AvrPphE homolog of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea is as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Cys Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Pro Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Leu Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Glu Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Val Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Ala Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Ala Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Pro Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380 This protein or polypeptide has GC content of about 57 percent, an estimated isoelectric point of about 9.1, and an estimated molecular weight of about 41 kDa.

The DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci which encodes an AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 43) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cctgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttgcagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ccgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc tacagggcag gccatttctg acacgccatc ttcattgccc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc ggtgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccgg gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgcagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagtg cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttacgc gtgaaactgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaaa cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagcaggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 44) for the AvrPphE homolog of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci is as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Cys Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Pro Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Val Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Gly Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Ala Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Ala Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Thr Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Gln Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380 This protein or polypeptide has GC content of about 57 percent, an estimated isoelectric point of about 9.3, and an estimated molecular weight of about 41 kDa.

Another DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci which encodes a AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 45) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cctgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttgcagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ccgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc tacagggcag gccatttctg acacgccatc ttcattgccc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc ggtgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccgg gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgcagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagtg cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttacgc gtgaaactgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaaa cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagcaggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The encoded AvrPphE homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 46 as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Cys Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Pro Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Val Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Gly Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Ala Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Ala Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Thr Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Gln Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 4 which encodes an AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 47) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cccgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttgcagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ccgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc cacagggcag gccatttctg acacgccatc ttcattgtcc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc gttgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccga gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgtagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagtg cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttgcgc gtgaaaccgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaaa cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagccggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The encoded AvrPphE homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 48 as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Cys Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Pro Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Leu Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Glu Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Val Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Ala Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Ala Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Pro Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola strain B1330 which encodes AvrPphE has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 49) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cccgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttgcagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ccgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc cacagggcag gccatttctg acacgccatc ttcattgccc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc gttgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccga gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgcagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagtg cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttgcgc gtgaaaccgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaag cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagccggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The encoded AvrPphE homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 50 as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Cys Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Pro Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Leu Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Glu Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Ala Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Ala Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Ala Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Pro Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. angulata strain Pa9 which encodes an AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 51) as follows:

atgagaattc acagtgctgg tcacagcctg cctgcgccag gccctagcgt ggaaaccact 60 gaaaaggctg ttcaatcatc atcggcccag aaccccgctt cttacagttc acaaacagaa 120 cgtcctgaag ccggttcgac tcaagtgcga ctgaactacc cttactcatc agtcaagaca 180 cgcttgccac ccgtttcttc tacagggcag gccatttctg ccacgccatc ttcattgccc 240 ggttacctgc tgttacgtcg gctcgaccga cgtccactgg atgaagacag tatcaaggct 300 ctggttccgg cagacgaagc ggtgcgtgaa gcacgccgcg cgttgccctt cggcaggggc 360 aacattgatg tggatgcaca acgtacccac ctgcaaagcg gcgctcgcgc agtcgctgca 420 aagcgcttga gaaaagatgc cgagcgcgct ggccatgagc cgatgcccgg gaatgatgag 480 atgaactggc atgttcttgt cgccatgtca gggcaggtgt ttggcgctgg caactgtggc 540 gaacatgctc gtatagcaag cttcgcttac ggggccctgg ctcaggaaag cgggcgtagt 600 ccccgcgaaa agattcattt ggccgagcag cccggaaaag atcacgtctg ggctgaaacg 660 gataattcca gcgctggctc ttcgcccatc gtcatggacc cgtggtctaa cggcgcagcc 720 attttggcgg aggacagccg gtttgccaaa gatcgcagta cggtagagcg aacatattca 780 ttcacccttg caatggcagc tgaagccggc aaggttacgc gtgaaaccgc cgagaacgtt 840 ctgacccaca cgacaagccg tctgcagaaa cgtcttgctg atcagttgcc gaacgtctca 900 ccgcttgaag gaggccgcta tcagcaggaa aagtcggtgc ttgatgaggc gttcgcccga 960 cgagtgagcg acaagttgaa tagtgacgat ccacggcgtg cgttgcagat ggaaattgaa 1020 gctgttggtg ttgcaatgtc gctgggtgcc gaaggcgtca agacggtcgc ccgacaggcg 1080 ccaaaggtgg tcaggcaagc cagaagcgtc gcgtcgtcta aaggcatgcc tccacgaaga 1140 taa 1143 The encoded AvrPphE homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 52 as follows:

Met Arg Ile His Ser Ala Gly His Ser Leu Pro Ala Pro Gly Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Val Glu Thr Thr Glu Lys Ala Val Gln Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Pro              20                  25                  30 Ala Ser Tyr Ser Ser Gln Thr Glu Arg Pro Glu Ala Gly Ser Thr Gln          35                  40                  45 Val Arg Leu Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Leu Pro Pro      50                  55                  60 Val Ser Ser Thr Gly Gln Ala Ile Ser Ala Thr Pro Ser Ser Leu Pro  65                  70                  75                  80 Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp Arg Arg Pro Leu Asp Glu Asp                  85                  90                  95 Ser Ile Lys Ala Leu Val Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Val Arg Glu Ala Arg             100                 105                 110 Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp Ala Gln Arg         115                 120                 125 Thr His Leu Gln Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Ala Ala Lys Arg Leu Arg     130                 135                 140 Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Gly Asn Asp Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Gly Ala                 165                 170                 175 Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala Tyr Gly Ala             180                 185                 190 Leu Ala Gln Glu Ser Gly Arg Ser Pro Arg Glu Lys Ile His Leu Ala         195                 200                 205 Glu Gln Pro Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp Asn Ser Ser     210                 215                 220 Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Ile Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn Gly Ala Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Ile Leu Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser Thr Val Glu                 245                 250                 255 Arg Thr Tyr Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Met Ala Ala Glu Ala Gly Lys Val             260                 265                 270 Thr Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Leu Thr His Thr Thr Ser Arg Leu         275                 280                 285 Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Pro Asn Val Ser Pro Leu Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Gly Arg Tyr Gln Gln Glu Lys Ser Val Leu Asp Glu Ala Phe Ala Arg 305                 310                 315                 320 Arg Val Ser Asp Lys Leu Asn Ser Asp Asp Pro Arg Arg Ala Leu Gln                 325                 330                 335 Met Glu Ile Glu Ala Val Gly Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Gly             340                 345                 350 Val Lys Thr Val Ala Arg Gln Ala Pro Lys Val Val Arg Gln Ala Arg         355                 360                 365 Ser Val Ala Ser Ser Lys Gly Met Pro Pro Arg Arg     370                 375                 380

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. delphinii strain PDDCC529 which encodes a AvrPphE homolog has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 53) as follows:

atgaaaatac ataacgctgg cccaagcatt ccgatgcccg ctccatcgat tgagagcgct 60 ggcaagactg cgcaatcatc attggctcaa ccgcagagcc aacgagccac ccccgtctcg 120 ccatcagaga cttctgatgc ccgtccgtcc agtgtgcgta cgaactaccc ttattcatca 180 gtcaaaacac ggttgcctcc cgttgcgtct gcagggcagc cactgtccgg gatgccgtct 240 tcattacccg gctacttgct gttacgtcgg cttgaccatc gtccactgga tcaagacggt 300 atcaaaggtt tgattccagc agatgaagcg gtgggtgaag cacgtcgcgc gttgcctttc 360 ggcaggggca atatcgacgt ggatgcgcaa cgctccaact tggaaagcgg agcccgcaca 420 ctcgcggcta ggcgtttgag aaaagatgcc gaggccgcgg gtcacgaacc aatgcctgca 480 aatgaagata tgaactggca tgttcttgtt gcgatgtcag gacaggtttt tggcgcaggt 540 aactgcgggg aacatgcccg catagcgagt ttcgcctacg gtgcactggc tcaggaaaaa 600 gggcggaacg ccgatgagac tattcatttg gctgcgcaac gcggtaaaga ccacgtctgg 660 gctgaaacgg acaattcaag cgctggatct tcaccggttg tcatggatcc gtggtcgaac 720 ggtcctgcca tttttgcgga ggatagtcgg tttgccaaag atcgaagtac ggtagaacga 780 acggattcct tcacgcttgc aactgctgct gaagcaggca agatcacgcg agagacggcc 840 gagaatgctt tgacacaggc gaccagccgt ttgcagaaac gtcttgctga tcagaaaacg 900 caagtctcgc cgcttgcagg agggcgctat cggcaagaaa attcggtgct tgatgacgcg 960 ttcgcccgac gggcaagtgg caagttgagc aacaaggatc cgcggcatgc attacaggtg 1020 gaaatcgagg cggccgcagt tgcaatgtcg ctgggcgccc aaggcgtaaa agcggttgcg 1080 gaacaggccc ggacggtagt tgaacaagcc aggaaggtcg catctcccca aggcacgcct 1140 cagcgagata cgtga 1155 The encoded AvrPphE homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 54 as follows:

Met Lys Ile His Asn Ala Gly Pro Ser Ile Pro Met Pro Ala Pro Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Ile Glu Ser Ala Gly Lys Thr Ala Gln Ser Ser Leu Ala Gln Pro Gln              20                  25                  30 Ser Gln Arg Ala Thr Pro Val Ser Pro Ser Glu Thr Ser Asp Ala Arg          35                  40                  45 Pro Ser Ser Val Arg Thr Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Ser Ser Val Lys Thr Arg      50                  55                  60 Leu Pro Pro Val Ala Ser Ala Gly Gln Pro Leu Ser Gly Met Pro Ser  65                  70                  75                  80 Ser Leu Pro Gly Tyr Leu Leu Leu Arg Arg Leu Asp His Arg Pro Leu                  85                  90                  95 Asp Gln Asp Gly Ile Lys Gly Leu Ile Pro Ala Asp Glu Ala Val Gly             100                 105                 110 Glu Ala Arg Arg Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Gly Asn Ile Asp Val Asp         115                 120                 125 Ala Gln Arg Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Ala Arg Thr Leu Ala Ala Arg     130                 135                 140 Arg Leu Arg Lys Asp Ala Glu Ala Ala Gly His Glu Pro Met Pro Ala 145                 150                 155                 160 Asn Glu Asp Met Asn Trp His Val Leu Val Ala Met Ser Gly Gln Val                 165                 170                 175 Phe Gly Ala Gly Asn Cys Gly Glu His Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Phe Ala             180                 185                 190 Tyr Gly Ala Leu Ala Gln Glu Lys Gly Arg Asn Ala Asp Glu Thr Ile         195                 200                 205 His Leu Ala Ala Gln Arg Gly Lys Asp His Val Trp Ala Glu Thr Asp     210                 215                 220 Asn Ser Ser Ala Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Val Met Asp Pro Trp Ser Asn 225                 230                 235                 240 Gly Pro Ala Ile Phe Ala Glu Asp Ser Arg Phe Ala Lys Asp Arg Ser                 245                 250                 255 Thr Val Glu Arg Thr Asp Ser Phe Thr Leu Ala Thr Ala Ala Glu Ala             260                 265                 270 Gly Lys Ile Thr Arg Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Ala Leu Thr Gln Ala Thr         275                 280                 285 Ser Arg Leu Gln Lys Arg Leu Ala Asp Gln Lys Thr Gln Val Ser Pro     290                 295                 300 Leu Ala Gly Gly Arg Tyr Arg Gln Glu Asn Ser Val Leu Asp Asp Ala 305                 310                 315                 320 Phe Ala Arg Arg Ala Ser Gly Lys Leu Ser Asn Lys Asp Pro Arg His                 325                 330                 335 Ala Leu Gln Val Glu Ile Glu Ala Ala Ala Val Ala Met Ser Leu Gly             340                 345                 350 Ala Gln Gly Val Lys Ala Val Ala Glu Gln Ala Arg Thr Val Val Glu         355                 360                 365 Gln Ala Arg Lys Val Ala Ser Pro Gln Gly Thr Pro Gln Arg Asp Thr     370                 375                 380

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. delphinii strain PDDCC529 which encodes a homolog of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 EEL ORF2 has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 55) as follows:

gtggttgagc gaaccggcac tgcatatcga aggcgtggag cagcctgctc gcgtatcacg 60 agccaaaatc aggtccgacg acgctttgga attacggtga atcagatgca aaagacgtcc 120 ctattggctt tggcctttgc aatcctggca gggtgtgggg gttcggggca ggcgccgggg 180 agtgatattc agggtgccca ggcagagatg aaaacaccca ttaaagtaga tctggatgcc 240 tacacctcaa aaaaacttga tgctgtgttg gaagctcggg ccaataaaag ctatgtgaat 300 aaaggtcaac tgatcgacct tgtgtcaggg gcgtttttgg gaacaccgta ccgctcaaac 360 atgttggtgg gcacagagga aatacctgaa cagttagtca tcgactttag aggtctggat 420 tgttttgctt atctggatta cgtagaggcg ttgcgaagat caacatcgca gcaggatttt 480 gtgaggaatc tcgttcaggt tcgttacaag ggtggtgatg ttgacttttt gaatcgcaag 540 cactttttca cggattgggc ttatggcact acacacccgg tggcggatga catcaccacg 600 cagataagcc ccggtgcggt aagtgtcaga aaacgcctta atgaaagggc caaaggcaaa 660 gtctatctgc caggtttgcc tgtggttgag cgcagcatga cctatatccc gagccgcctt 720 gtcgacagtc aggtggtaag ccacttgcgc acaggtgatt acatcggcat ttacaccccg 780 cttcccgggc tggatgtgac gcacgtcggt ttctttatca tgacggataa aggccctgtc 840 ttgcgaaatg catcttcacg aaaagaaaac agaaaggtaa tggatttgcc ttttctggac 900 tatgtatcgg aaaagccagg gattgttgtt ttcagggcaa aagacaattg a 951 The encoded protein or polypeptide has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 56 as follows:

Val Val Glu Arg Thr Gly Thr Ala Tyr Arg Arg Arg Gly Ala Ala Cys   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Arg Ile Thr Ser Gln Asn Gln Val Arg Arg Arg Phe Gly Ile Thr              20                  25                  30 Val Asn Gln Met Gln Lys Thr Ser Leu Leu Ala Leu Ala Phe Ala Ile          35                  40                  45 Leu Ala Gly Cys Gly Gly Ser Gly Gln Ala Pro Gly Ser Asp Ile Gln      50                  55                  60 Gly Ala Gln Ala Glu Met Lys Thr Pro Ile Lys Val Asp Leu Asp Ala  65                  70                  75                  80 Tyr Thr Ser Lys Lys Leu Asp Ala Val Leu Glu Ala Arg Ala Asn Lys                  85                  90                  95 Ser Tyr Val Asn Lys Gly Gln Leu Ile Asp Leu Val Ser Gly Ala Phe             100                 105                 110 Leu Gly Thr Pro Tyr Arg Ser Asn Met Leu Val Gly Thr Glu Glu Ile         115                 120                 125 Pro Glu Gln Leu Val Ile Asp Phe Arg Gly Leu Asp Cys Phe Ala Tyr     130                 135                 140 Leu Asp Tyr Val Glu Ala Leu Arg Arg Ser Thr Ser Gln Gln Asp Phe 145                 150                 155                 160 Val Arg Asn Leu Val Gln Val Arg Tyr Lys Gly Gly Asp Val Asp Phe                 165                 170                 175 Leu Asn Arg Lys His Phe Phe Thr Asp Trp Ala Tyr Gly Thr Thr His             180                 185                 190 Pro Val Ala Asp Asp Ile Thr Thr Gln Ile Ser Pro Gly Ala Val Ser         195                 200                 205 Val Arg Lys Arg Leu Asn Glu Arg Ala Lys Gly Lys Val Tyr Leu Pro     210                 215                 220 Gly Leu Pro Val Val Glu Arg Ser Met Thr Tyr Ile Pro Ser Arg Leu 225                 230                 235                 240 Val Asp Ser Gln Val Val Ser His Leu Arg Thr Gly Asp Tyr Ile Gly                 245                 250                 255 Ile Tyr Thr Pro Leu Pro Gly Leu Asp Val Thr His Val Gly Phe Phe             260                 265                 270 Ile Met Thr Asp Lys Gly Pro Val Leu Arg Asn Ala Ser Ser Arg Lys         275                 280                 285 Glu Asn Arg Lys Val Met Asp Leu Pro Phe Leu Asp Tyr Val Ser Glu     290                 295                 300 Lys Pro Gly Ile Val Val Phe Arg Ala Lys Asp Asn 305                 310                 315

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. delphinii strain PDDCC529 ORF1 encodes a homolog of AvrPphF and has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 57) as follows:

atgaaaaact catttgatct tcttgtcgac ggtttggcga aagactacag catgccgaat 60 ttgccgaaca agaaacacga caatgaagtc tattgcttca cattccagag cgggctcgaa 120 gtaaacattt atcaggacga ctgtcgatgg gtgcatttct ccgccacaat cggacaattt 180 caagacgcca gcaatgacac gctcagccac gcacttcaac tgaacaattt cagtcttgga 240 aagcccttct tcacctttgg aatgaacgga gaaaaggtcg gcgtacttca cacacgcgtt 300 ccgttgattg aaatgaatac cgttgaaatg cgcaaggtat tcgaggactt gctcgatgta 360 gcaggcggca tcagagcgac attcaagctc agttaa 396 The encoded AvrPhpF homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 58 as follows:

Met Lys Asn Ser Phe Asp Leu Leu Val Asp Gly Leu Ala Lys Asp Tyr   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Met Pro Asn Leu Pro Asn Lys Lys His Asp Asn Glu Val Tyr Cys              20                  25                  30 Phe Thr Phe Gln Ser Gly Leu Glu Val Asn Ile Tyr Gln Asp Asp Cys          35                  40                  45 Arg Trp Val His Phe Ser Ala Thr Ile Gly Gln Phe Gln Asp Ala Ser      50                  55                  60 Asn Asp Thr Leu Ser His Ala Leu Gln Leu Asn Asn Phe Ser Leu Gly  65                  70                  75                  80 Lys Pro Phe Phe Thr Phe Gly Met Asn Gly Glu Lys Val Gly Val Leu                  85                  90                  95 His Thr Arg Val Pro Leu Ile Glu Met Asn Thr Val Glu Met Arg Lys             100                 105                 110 Val Phe Glu Asp Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Gly Gly Ile Arg Ala Thr Phe         115                 120                 125 Lys Leu Ser     130

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. delphinii strain PDDCC529 ORF1 encodes a homolog of AvrPphF and has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 59) as follows:

atgagtacta tacctggcac ctcgggcgct cacccgattt atagctcaat ttccagccca 60 cgaaatatgt ctggctcgcc cacaccgagt caccgtattg gcggggaaac cctgacctct 120 attcatcagc tctctgccag ccagagagaa caatttctga atactcatga ccccatgaga 180 aaactcagga ttaacaatga tacgccactg tacagaacaa ccgagaagcg ttttatacag 240 gaaggcaaac tggccggcaa tccaaagtct attgcacgtg tcaacttgca cgaagaactg 300 cagcttaatc cgctcgccag tattttaggg aacttacctc acgaggcaag cgcttacttt 360 ccgaaaagcg cccgcgctgc ggatctgaaa gacccttcat tgaatgtaat gacaggctct 420 cgggcaaaaa atgctattcg cggctacgct catgacgacc atgtggcggt caagatgcga 480 ctgggcgact ttcttgaaaa aggcggcaag gtgtacgcgg acacttcatc agtcattgac 540 ggcggagacg aggcgagcgc gctgatcgtt acattgccta aaggacaaaa agttccagtc 600 gagattatcc ctacccataa cgacaacagc aataaaggca gaggctga 648 The encoded AvrPphF homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 60 as follows:

Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Gly Thr Ser Gly Ala His Pro Ile Tyr Ser Ser   1               5                  10                  15 Ile Ser Ser Pro Arg Asn Met Ser Gly Ser Pro Thr Pro Ser His Arg              20                  25                  30 Ile Gly Gly Glu Thr Leu Thr Ser Ile His Gln Leu Ser Ala Ser Gln          35                  40                  45 Arg Glu Gln Phe Leu Asn Thr His Asp Pro Met Arg Lys Leu Arg Ile      50                  55                  60 Asn Asn Asp Thr Pro Leu Tyr Arg Thr Thr Glu Lys Arg Phe Ile Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Glu Gly Lys Leu Ala Gly Asn Pro Lys Ser Ile Ala Arg Val Asn Leu                  85                  90                  95 His Glu Glu Leu Gln Leu Asn Pro Leu Ala Ser Ile Leu Gly Asn Leu             100                 105                 110 Pro His Glu Ala Ser Ala Tyr Phe Pro Lys Ser Ala Arg Ala Ala Asp         115                 120                 125 Leu Lys Asp Pro Ser Leu Asn Val Met Thr Gly Ser Arg Ala Lys Asn     130                 135                 140 Ala Ile Arg Gly Tyr Ala His Asp Asp His Val Ala Val Lys Met Arg 145                 150                 155                 160 Leu Gly Asp Phe Leu Glu Lys Gly Gly Lys Val Tyr Ala Asp Thr Ser                 165                 170                 175 Ser Val Ile Asp Gly Gly Asp Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu Ile Val Thr Leu             180                 185                 190 Pro Lys Gly Gln Lys Val Pro Val Glu Ile Ile Pro Thr His Asn Asp         195                 200                 205 Asn Ser Asn Lys Gly Arg Gly     210                 215

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 226 encodes a homolog of HopPsyA and has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 61) as follows:

gtgaacccta tccatgcacg cttctccagc gtagaagcgc tcagacattc aaacgttgat 60 attcaggcaa tcaaatccga gggtcagttg gaagtcaacg gcaagcgtta cgagattcgt 120 gcggccgctg acggctcaat cgcggtcctc agacccgatc aacagtccaa agcagacaag 180 ttcttcaaag gcgcagcgca tcttattggc ggacaaagcc agcgtgccca aatagcccag 240 gtactcaacg agaaagcggc ggcagttcca cgcctggaca gaatgttggg cagacgcttc 300 gatctggaga agggcggaag tagcgctgtg ggcgccgcaa tcaaggctgc cgacagccga 360 ctgacatcaa aacagacatt tgccagcttc cagcaatggg ctgaaaaagc tgaggcgctc 420 gggcgcgata ccgaaatcgg tatctacatg atctacaaga gggacacgcc agacacaacg 480 cctatgaatg cggcagagca agaacattac ctggaaacgc tacaggctct cgataacaag 540 aaaaacctta tcatacgccc gcagatccat gatgatcggg aagaggaaga gcttgatctg 600 ggccgataca tcgctgaaga cagaaatgcc agaaccggct tttttagaat ggttcctaaa 660 gaccaacgcg cacctgagac aaactcggga cgacttacca ttggtgtaga acctaaatat 720 ggagcgcagt tggccctcgc aatggcaacc ctgatggaca agcacaaatc tgtgacacaa 780 ggtaaagtcg tcggtccggc aaaatatggc cagcaaactg actctgccat tctttacata 840 aatggtgatc ttgcaaaagc agtaaaactg ggcgaaaagc tgaaaaagct gagcggtatc 900 cctcctgaag gattcgtcga acatacaccg ctaagcatgc agtcgacggg tctcggtctt 960 tcttatgccg agtcggttga agggcagcct tccagccacg gacaggcgag aacacacgtt 1020 atcatggatg ccttgaaagg ccagggcccc atggagaaca gactcaaaat ggcgctggca 1080 gaaagaggct atgacccgga aaatccggcg ctcagggcgc gaaactga 1128 The encoded HopPsyA homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 62 as follows:

Val Asn Pro Ile His Ala Arg Phe Ser Ser Val Glu Ala Leu Arg His   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Asn Val Asp Ile Gln Ala Ile Lys Ser Glu Gly Gln Leu Glu Val              20                  25                  30 Asn Gly Lys Arg Tyr Glu Ile Arg Ala Ala Ala Asp Gly Ser Ile Ala          35                  40                  45 Val Leu Arg Pro Asp Gln Gln Ser Lys Ala Asp Lys Phe Phe Lys Gly      50                  55                  60 Ala Ala His Leu Ile Gly Gly Gln Ser Gln Arg Ala Gln Ile Ala Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Val Leu Asn Glu Lys Ala Ala Ala Val Pro Arg Leu Asp Arg Met Leu                  85                  90                  95 Gly Arg Arg Phe Asp Leu Glu Lys Gly Gly Ser Ser Ala Val Gly Ala             100                 105                 110 Ala Ile Lys Ala Ala Asp Ser Arg Leu Thr Ser Lys Gln Thr Phe Ala         115                 120                 125 Ser Phe Gln Gln Trp Ala Glu Lys Ala Glu Ala Leu Gly Arg Asp Thr     130                 135                 140 Glu Ile Gly Ile Tyr Met Ile Tyr Lys Arg Asp Thr Pro Asp Thr Thr 145                 150                 155                 160 Pro Met Asn Ala Ala Glu Gln Glu His Tyr Leu Glu Thr Leu Gln Ala                 165                 170                 175 Leu Asp Asn Lys Lys Asn Leu Ile Ile Arg Pro Gln Ile His Asp Asp             180                 185                 190 Arg Glu Glu Glu Glu Leu Asp Leu Gly Arg Tyr Ile Ala Glu Asp Arg         195                 200                 205 Asn Ala Arg Thr Gly Phe Phe Arg Met Val Pro Lys Asp Gln Arg Ala     210                 215                 220 Pro Glu Thr Asn Ser Gly Arg Leu Thr Ile Gly Val Glu Pro Lys Tyr 225                 230                 235                 240 Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Leu Ala Met Ala Thr Leu Met Asp Lys His Lys                 245                 250                 255 Ser Val Thr Gln Gly Lys Val Val Gly Pro Ala Lys Tyr Gly Gln Gln             260                 265                 270 Thr Asp Ser Ala Ile Leu Tyr Ile Asn Gly Asp Leu Ala Lys Ala Val         275                 280                 285 Lys Leu Gly Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Leu Ser Gly Ile Pro Pro Glu Gly     290                 295                 300 Phe Val Glu His Thr Pro Leu Ser Met Gln Ser Thr Gly Leu Gly Leu 305                 310                 315                 320 Ser Tyr Ala Glu Ser Val Glu Gly Gln Pro Ser Ser His Gly Gln Ala                 325                 330                 335 Arg Thr His Val Ile Met Asp Ala Leu Lys Gly Gln Gly Pro Met Glu             340                 345                 350 Asn Arg Leu Lys Met Ala Leu Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr Asp Pro Glu Asn         355                 360                 365 Pro Ala Leu Arg Ala Arg Asn     370                 375

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens strain B143 encodes a homolog of HopPsyA and has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 63) as follows:

atgaacccga tacaaacgcg tttctctaac gtcgaagcac ttagacattc agaggtggat 60 gtacaggagc tcaaagcaca cggtcaaata gaagtgggtg gcaaatgcta cgacattcgc 120 gcggctgcca ataacgacct gactgtccag cgttctgaca aacagatggc gatgagcaag 180 tttttcaaaa aagcagggtt aagtgggagt tccggcagtc agtccgatca aattgcgcag 240 gtactgaatg acaagcgcgg ctcttccgtt ccccgtctta tacgccaggg gcagacccat 300 ctgggccgta tgcaattcaa catcgaagag gggcaaggca gttcggccgc cacgtccgtc 360 cagaacagca ggctgcccaa tggccgcttg gtaaacagca gtattttgca atgggtcgaa 420 aaggcgaaag ccaatggcag cacaagtacc agtgctcttt atcagatcta cgcaaaagaa 480 ctcccgcgtg tagaactgct gccacgcact gagcaccggg cgtgtctggc gcatatgtat 540 aagctgaacg gtaaggacgg tatcagtatt tggccgcagt ttctggatgg cgtgcgcggg 600 ttgcagctaa aacatgacac aaaagtgttc atgatgaaca accccaaagc agcggacgag 660 ttctacaaga tcgaacgttc gggcacgcaa tttccggatg aggctgtcaa ggcgcgcctg 720 acgataaatg tcaaacctca attccagaag gccatggtcg acgcagcggt caggttgacc 780 gctgagcgtc acgatatcat tactgccaaa gtggcaggtc ctgcaaagat tggcacgatt 840 acagatgcag cggttttcta tgtaagcgga gatttttccg ctgcgcagac acttgcaaaa 900 gagcttcagg cactgctccc tgacgatgcg tttatcaatc atacgccagc tggaatgcaa 960 tccatgggca aggggctgtg ttacgccgag cgtacaccgc aggacaggac aagccacgga 1020 atgtcgcgcg ccagcataat cgagtcggca ctggcagaca ccagcaggtc gtcactggag 1080 aagaagctgc gcaatgcttt caagagcgcc ggatacaatc ccgacaaccc ggcattcagg 1140 ttggaatga 1149 The encoded HopPsyA homolog has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 64 as follows:

Met Asn Pro Ile Gln Thr Arg Phe Ser Asn Val Glu Ala Leu Arg His   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Glu Val Asp Val Gln Glu Leu Lys Ala His Gly Gln Ile Glu Val              20                  25                  30 Gly Gly Lys Cys Tyr Asp Ile Arg Ala Ala Ala Asn Asn Asp Leu Thr          35                  40                  45 Val Gln Arg Ser Asp Lys Gln Met Ala Met Ser Lys Phe Phe Lys Lys      50                  55                  60 Ala Gly Leu Ser Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Gln Ser Asp Gln Ile Ala Gln  65                  70                  75                  80 Val Leu Asn Asp Lys Arg Gly Ser Ser Val Pro Arg Leu Ile Arg Gln                  85                  90                  95 Gly Gln Thr His Leu Gly Arg Met Gln Phe Asn Ile Glu Glu Gly Gln             100                 105                 110 Gly Ser Ser Ala Ala Thr Ser Val Gln Asn Ser Arg Leu Pro Asn Gly         115                 120                 125 Arg Leu Val Asn Ser Ser Ile Leu Gln Trp Val Glu Lys Ala Lys Ala     130                 135                 140 Asn Gly Ser Thr Ser Thr Ser Ala Leu Tyr Gln Ile Tyr Ala Lys Glu 145                 150                 155                 160 Leu Pro Arg Val Glu Leu Leu Pro Arg Thr Glu His Arg Ala Cys Leu                 165                 170                 175 Ala His Met Tyr Lys Leu Asn Gly Lys Asp Gly Ile Ser Ile Trp Pro             180                 185                 190 Gln Phe Leu Asp Gly Val Arg Gly Leu Gln Leu Lys His Asp Thr Lys         195                 200                 205 Val Phe Met Met Asn Asn Pro Lys Ala Ala Asp Glu Phe Tyr Lys Ile     210                 215                 220 Glu Arg Ser Gly Thr Gln Phe Pro Asp Glu Ala Val Lys Ala Arg Leu 225                 230                 235                 240 Thr Ile Asn Val Lys Pro Gln Phe Gln Lys Ala Met Val Asp Ala Ala                 245                 250                 255 Val Arg Leu Thr Ala Glu Arg His Asp Ile Ile Thr Ala Lys Val Ala             260                 265                 270 Gly Pro Ala Lys Ile Gly Thr Ile Thr Asp Ala Ala Val Phe Tyr Val         275                 280                 285 Ser Gly Asp Phe Ser Ala Ala Gln Thr Leu Ala Lys Glu Leu Gln Ala     290                 295                 300 Leu Leu Pro Asp Asp Ala Phe Ile Asn His Thr Pro Ala Gly Met Gln 305                 310                 315                 320 Ser Met Gly Lys Gly Leu Cys Tyr Ala Glu Arg Thr Pro Gln Asp Arg                 325                 330                 335 Thr Ser His Gly Met Ser Arg Ala Ser Ile Ile Glu Ser Ala Leu Ala             340                 345                 350 Asp Thr Ser Arg Ser Ser Leu Glu Lys Lys Leu Arg Asn Ala Phe Lys         355                 360                 365 Ser Ala Gly Tyr Asn Pro Asp Asn Pro Ala Phe Arg Leu Glu     370                 375                 380

A DNA molecule from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 encodes a homolog of HopPtoA, identified herein as HopPtoA2, and has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 65) as follows:

atgcacatca accaatccgc ccaacaaccg cctggcgttg caatggagag ttttcggaca 60 gcttccgacg cgtcccttgc ttcgagttct gtgcggtctg tcagcactac ctcgtgccgc 120 gatctacaag ctattaccga ttatctgaaa catcacgtgt tcgctgcgca caggttttcg 180 gtaataggct caccggatga gcgtgatgcc gctcttgcac acaacgagca gatcgatgcg 240 ttggtagaga cacgcgccaa ccgcctgtac tccgaagggg agacccccgc aaccatcgcc 300 gaaacattcg ccaaggcgga aaagttcgac cgtttggcga cgaccgcatc aagtgctttt 360 gagaacacgc catttgccgc tgcctcggtg cttcagtaca tgcagcctgc gatcaacaag 420 ggcgattggc tagcaacgcc gctcaagccg ctgaccccgc tcatttccgg agcgctgtcg 480 ggagccatgg accaggtggg caccaaaatg atggatcgtg cgaggggtga tctgcattac 540 ctgagcactt cgccggacaa gttgcatgat gcgatggccg tatcggtgaa gcgccactcg 600 cctgcgcttg gtcgacaggt tgtggacatg gggattgcag tgcagacgtt ctcggcgcta 660 aatgtggtgc gtaccgtatt ggctccagca ctagcgtcca gaccgtcggt gcagggtgct 720 gttgattttg gcgtatctac ggcgggtggc ttggttgcga atgcaggctt tggcgaccgc 780 atgctcagtg tgcaatcgcg cgatcaactg cgtggggggg cattcgtact tggcatgaaa 840 gataaagagc ccaaggccgc gttgagtgaa gaaactgatt ggcttgatgc ttacaaagcg 900 atcaagtcgg ccagctactc aggtgcggcg ctcaatgcgg gcaagcggat ggccggcctg 960 ccactggacg tcgcgaccga cgggctcaag gcggtgagaa gtctggtgtc ggccaccagc 1020 ctgacaaaaa atggcctggc cctagccggt ggttacgccg gggtaagtaa gttgcagaaa 1080 atggcgacga aaaatatcac tgattcggcg accaaggctg cggttagtca gctgagcaac 1140 ctggtgggtt cggtaggcgt tttcgcaggc tggaccaccg ctggactggc gactgaccct 1200 gcggttaaga aagccgagtc gtttatacag gataaggtga aatcgaccgc atctagtacc 1260 acaagctatg ttgccgacca gaccgtcaaa ctggcgaaaa cagtcaagga catgagcggg 1320 gaggcgatct ccagcaccgg tgccagctta cgcagtactg tcaataacct gcgtcatcgc 1380 tccgctccgg aagctgatat cgaagaaggt gggatttcgg cgttttctcg aagtgaaaca 1440 ccgtttcagc tcaggcgttt gtaa 1464 Although hopPtoA2 does not lie within the CEL, it is included here as a homolog of hopPtoA, which corresponds to CEL ORF5 as noted above. The encoded HopPtoA2 protein or polypeptide has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ. ID. No. 66 as follows:

Met His Ile Asn Gln Ser Ala Gln Gln Pro Pro Gly Val Ala Met Glu   1               5                  10                  15 Ser Phe Arg Thr Ala Ser Asp Ala Ser Leu Ala Ser Ser Ser Val Arg              20                  25                  30 Ser Val Ser Thr Thr Ser Cys Arg Asp Leu Gln Ala Ile Thr Asp Tyr          35                  40                  45 Leu Lys His His Val Phe Ala Ala His Arg Phe Ser Val Ile Gly Ser      50                  55                  60 Pro Asp Glu Arg Asp Ala Ala Leu Ala His Asn Glu Gln Ile Asp Ala  65                  70                  75                  80 Leu Val Glu Thr Arg Ala Asn Arg Leu Tyr Ser Glu Gly Glu Thr Pro                  85                  90                  95 Ala Thr Ile Ala Glu Thr Phe Ala Lys Ala Glu Lys Phe Asp Arg Leu             100                 105                 110 Ala Thr Thr Ala Ser Ser Ala Phe Glu Asn Thr Pro Phe Ala Ala Ala         115                 120                 125 Ser Val Leu Gln Tyr Met Gln Pro Ala Ile Asn Lys Gly Asp Trp Leu     130                 135                 140 Ala Thr Pro Leu Lys Pro Leu Thr Pro Leu Ile Ser Gly Ala Leu Ser 145                 150                 155                 160 Gly Ala Met Asp Gln Val Gly Thr Lys Met Met Asp Arg Ala Arg Gly                 165                 170                 175 Asp Leu His Tyr Leu Ser Thr Ser Pro Asp Lys Leu His Asp Ala Met             180                 185                 190 Ala Val Ser Val Lys Arg His Ser Pro Ala Leu Gly Arg Gln Val Val         195                 200                 205 Asp Met Gly Ile Ala Val Gln Thr Phe Ser Ala Leu Asn Val Val Arg     210                 215                 220 Thr Val Leu Ala Pro Ala Leu Ala Ser Arg Pro Ser Val Gln Gly Ala 225                 230                 235                 240 Val Asp Phe Gly Val Ser Thr Ala Gly Gly Leu Val Ala Asn Ala Gly                 245                 250                 255 Phe Gly Asp Arg Met Leu Ser Val Gln Ser Arg Asp Gln Leu Arg Gly             260                 265                 270 Gly Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Met Lys Asp Lys Glu Pro Lys Ala Ala Leu         275                 280                 285 Ser Glu Glu Thr Asp Trp Leu Asp Ala Tyr Lys Ala Ile Lys Ser Ala     290                 295                 300 Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ala Ala Leu Asn Ala Gly Lys Arg Met Ala Gly Leu 305                 310                 315                 320 Pro Leu Asp Val Ala Thr Asp Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Arg Ser Leu Val                 325                 330                 335 Ser Ala Thr Ser Leu Thr Lys Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Gly Tyr             340                 345                 350 Ala Gly Val Ser Lys Leu Gln Lys Met Ala Thr Lys Asn Ile Thr Asp         355                 360                 365 Ser Ala Thr Lys Ala Ala Val Ser Gln Leu Ser Asn Leu Val Gly Ser     370                 375                 380 Val Gly Val Phe Ala Gly Trp Thr Thr Ala Gly Leu Ala Thr Asp Pro 385                 390                 395                 400 Ala Val Lys Lys Ala Glu Ser Phe Ile Gln Asp Lys Val Lys Ser Thr                 405                 410                 415 Ala Ser Ser Thr Thr Ser Tyr Val Ala Asp Gln Thr Val Lys Leu Ala             420                 425                 430 Lys Thr Val Lys Asp Met Ser Gly Glu Ala Ile Ser Ser Thr Gly Ala         435                 440                 445 Ser Leu Arg Ser Thr Val Asn Asn Leu Arg His Arg Ser Ala Pro Glu     450                 455                 460 Ala Asp Ile Glu Glu Gly Gly Ile Ser Ala Phe Ser Arg Ser Glu Thr 465                 470                 475                 480 Pro Phe Gln Leu Arg Arg Leu                 485

Fragments of the above-identified proteins or polypeptides as well as fragments of full length proteins from the EELs and CELs of other bacteria, in particular Gram-negative pathogens, can also be used according to the present invention.

Suitable fragments can be produced by several means. Subclones of the gene encoding a known protein can be produced using conventional molecular genetic manipulation for subcloning gene fragments, such as described by Sambrook et al., 1989, and Ausubel et al., 1994. The subclones then are expressed in vitro or in vivo in bacterial cells to yield a smaller protein or polypeptide that can be tested for activity, e.g., as a product required for pathogen virulence.

In another approach, based on knowledge of the primary structure of the protein, fragments of the protein-coding gene may be synthesized using the PCR technique together with specific sets of primers chosen to represent particular portions of the protein (Erlich et al., 1991). These can then be cloned into an appropriate vector for expression of a truncated protein or polypeptide from bacterial cells as described above.

As an alternative, fragments of a protein can be produced by digestion of a full-length protein with proteolytic enzymes like chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus proteinase A, or trypsin. Different proteolytic enzymes are likely to cleave different proteins at different sites based on the amino acid sequence of the particular protein. Some of the fragments that result from proteolysis may be active virulence proteins or polypeptides.

Chemical synthesis can also be used to make suitable fragments. Such a synthesis is carried out using known amino acid sequences for the polyppetide being produced. Alternatively, subjecting a full length protein to high temperatures and pressures will produce fragments. These fragments can then be separated by conventional procedures (e.g., chromatography, SDS-PAGE).

Variants may also (or alternatively) be modified by, for example, the deletion or addition of amino acids that have minimal influence on the properties, secondary structure and hydropathic nature of the polypeptide. For example, a polypeptide may be conjugated to a signal (or leader) sequence at the N-terminal end of the protein which co-translationally or post-translationally directs transfer of the protein. The polypeptide may also be conjugated to a linker or other sequence for ease of synthesis, purification, or identification of the polypeptide.

The proteins or polypeptides used in accordance with the present invention are preferably produced in purified form (preferably at least about 80%, more preferably 90%, pure) by conventional techniques. Typically, the protein or polypeptide of the present invention is secreted into the growth medium of recombinant host cells (discussed infra). Alternatively, the protein or polypeptide of the present invention is produced but not secreted into growth medium. In such cases, to isolate the protein, the host cell (e.g., E. coli) carrying a recombinant plasmid is propagated, lysed by sonication, heat, or chemical treatment, and the homogenate is centrifuged to remove bacterial debris. The supernatant is then subjected to sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation. The fraction containing the protein or polypeptide of interest is subjected to gel filtration in an appropriately sized dextran or polyacrylamide column to separate the proteins. If necessary, the protein fraction may be further purified by HPLC.

DNA molecules encoding other EEL and CEL protein or polypeptides can be identified using a PCR-based methodology for cloning portions of the pathogenicity islands of a bacterium. Basically, the PCR-based strategy involves the use of conserved sequences from the hrpK and tRNA^(leu) genes (or other conserved border sequences) as primers for cloning EEL intervening regions of the pathogenicity island. As shown in FIGS. 2B–C, the hrpK and tRNA^(leu) genes are highly conserved among diverse Pseudomonas syringae variants. Depending upon the size of EEL, additional primers can be prepared from the originally obtained cDNA sequence, allowing for recovery of clones and walking through the EEL in a step-wise fashion. If full-length coding sequences are not obtained from the PCR steps, contigs can be assembled to prepare full-length coding sequences using suitable restriction enzymes. Similar PCR-based procedures can be used for obtaining clones that encode open reading frames in the CEL. As shown in FIG. 3, the CEL of diverse Pseudomonas syringae pathovars contain numerous conserved domains. Moreover, known sequences of the hrp/hrc domain, hrpW, AvrE, or gstA can be used to prepare primers.

Using the above-described PCR-based methods, a number of DNA sequences were utilized as the source for primers. One such DNA molecule is isolated from the tRNA^(leu) gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, which has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 67) as follows:

gccctgatgg cggaattggt agacgcggcg gattcaaaat ccgttttcga aagaagtggg 60 agttcgattc tccctcgggg caccacca 88 An additional DNA molecule which can be used to supply suitable primers is from the tRNA^(leu) gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a, which has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 68) as follows:

gccctgatgg cggaattggt agacgcggcg gattcaaaat ccgttttcga aagaagtggg 60 agttcgattc tccctcgggg cacca 85 Another DNA molecule is isolated from the queA gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, which has a nucleotide sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 69) as follows:

atgcgcgtcg ctgactttac cttcgaactc cccgattccc tgattgctcg tcacccgttg 60 gccgagcgtc gcagcagtcg tctgttgacc cttgatgggc cgacgggcgc gctggcacat 120 cgtcaattca ccgatttgct cgagcatttg cgctcgggcg acttgatggt gttcaacaat 180 acccgtgtca ttcccgcacg tttgttcggg cagaaggcgt ccggcggcaa gctggagatt 240 ctggtcgagc gcgtgctgga cagccatcgt gtgctggcgc acgtgcgtgc cagcaagtcg 300 ccaaagccgg gctcgtcgat cctgatcgat ggcggcggcg aggccgagat ggtggcgcgg 360 catgacgcgc tgttcgagtt gcgctttgcc gaagaagtgc tgccgttgct ggatcgtgtc 420 ggccatatgc cgttgcctcc ttatatagac cgcccggacg aaggtgccga ccgcgagcgt 480 tatcagaccg tttacgccca gcgcgccggt gctgtggcgg cgccgactgc cggcctgcat 540 ttcgaccagc cgttgatgga agcaattgcc gccaagggcg tcgagactgc ttttgtcact 600 ctgcacgtcg gcgcgggtac gttccagccg gtgcgtgtcg agcagatcga agatcaccac 660 atgcacagcg aatggctgga agtcagccag gacgtggtcg atgccgtggc ggcgtgccgt 720 gcgcggggcg ggcgggtgat tgcggtcggg accaccagcg tgcgttcgct ggagagtgcc 780 gcgcgtgatg gccagttgaa gccgtttagc ggcgacaccg acatcttcat ctatccgggg 840 cggccgtttc atgtggtcga tgccctggtg actaattttc atttgcctga atccacgctg 900 ttgatgctgg tttcggcgtt cgccggttat cccgaaacca tggcggccta cgcggcggcc 960 atcgaacacg ggtaccgctt cttcagttac ggtgatgcca tgttcatcac ccgcaatccc 1020 gcgccgacgg ccccacagga atcggcacca gaggatcacg catga 1065 This DNA molecule encodes QueA, which has an amino acid sequence (SEQ. ID. No. 70) as follows:

Met Arg Val Ala Asp Phe Thr Phe Glu Leu Pro Asp Ser Leu Ile Ala   1               5                  10                  15 Arg His Pro Leu Ala Glu Arg Arg Ser Ser Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Asp                  20                  25                  30 Gly Pro Thr Gly Ala Leu Ala His Arg Gln Phe Thr Asp Leu Leu Glu              35                  40                  45 His Leu Arg Ser Gly Asp Leu Met Val Phe Asn Asn Thr Arg Val Ile          50                  55                  60 Pro Ala Arg Leu Phe Gly Gln Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Lys Leu Glu Ile  65                  70                  75                  80 Leu Val Glu Arg Val Leu Asp Ser His Arg Val Leu Ala His Val Arg                  85                  90                  95 Ala Ser Lys Ser Pro Lys Pro Gly Ser Ser Ile Leu Ile Asp Gly Gly             100                 105                 110 Gly Glu Ala Glu Met Val Ala Arg His Asp Ala Leu Phe Glu Leu Arg         115                 120                 125 Phe Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Pro Leu Leu Asp Arg Val Gly His Met Pro     130                 135                 140 Leu Pro Pro Tyr Ile Asp Arg Pro Asp Glu Gly Ala Asp Arg Glu Arg 145                 150                 155                 160 Tyr Gln Thr Val Tyr Ala Gln Arg Ala Gly Ala Val Ala Ala Pro Thr                 165                 170                 175 Ala Gly Leu His Phe Asp Gln Pro Leu Met Glu Ala Ile Ala Ala Lys             180                 185                 190 Gly Val Glu Thr Ala Phe Val Thr Leu His Val Gly Ala Gly Thr Phe         195                 200                 205 Gln Pro Val Arg Val Glu Gln Ile Glu Asp His His Met His Ser Glu     210                 215                 220 Trp Leu Glu Val Ser Gln Asp Val Val Asp Ala Val Ala Ala Cys Arg 225                 230                 235                 240 Ala Arg Gly Gly Arg Val Ile Ala Val Gly Thr Thr Ser Val Arg Ser                 245                 250                 255 Leu Glu Ser Ala Ala Arg Asp Gly Gln Leu Lys Pro Phe Ser Gly Asp             260                 265                 270 Thr Asp Ile Phe Ile Tyr Pro Gly Arg Pro Phe His Val Val Asp Ala         275                 280                 285 Leu Val Thr Asn Phe His Leu Pro Glu Ser Thr Leu Leu Met Leu Val     290                 295                 300 Ser Ala Phe Ala Gly Tyr Pro Glu Thr Met Ala Ala Tyr Ala Ala Ala 305                 310                 315                 320 Ile Glu His Gly Tyr Arg Phe Phe Ser Tyr Gly Asp Ala Met Phe Ile                 325                 330                 335 Thr Arg Asn Pro Ala Pro Thr Ala Pro Gln Glu Ser Ala Pro Glu Asp             340                 345                 350 His Ala

DNA molecules encoding other EEL and GEL proteins or polypeptides can also be identified by determining whether such DNA molecules hybridize under stringent conditions to a DNA molecule as identified above. An example of suitable stringency conditions is when hybridization is carried out at a temperature of about 37° C. using a hybridization medium that includes 0.9M sodium citrate (“SSC”) buffer, followed by washing with 0.2×SSC buffer at 37° C. Higher stringency can readily be attained by increasing the temperature for either hybridization or washing conditions or decreasing the sodium concentration of the hybridization or wash medium. Nonspecific binding may also be controlled using any one of a number of known techniques such as, for example, blocking the membrane with protein-containing solutions, addition of heterologous RNA, DNA, and SDS to the hybridization buffer, and treatment with RNase. Wash conditions are typically performed at or below stringency. Exemplary high stringency conditions include carrying out hybridization at a temperature of about 42° C. to about 65° C. for up to about 20 hours in a hybridization medium containing 1M NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 10 mM EDTA, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.2% ficoll, 0.2% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.2% bovine serum albumin, and 50 μg/ml E. coli DNA, followed by washing carried out at between about 42° C. to about 65° C. in a 0.2×SSC buffer.

Also encompassed by the present invention are nucleic acid molecules which contain conserved substitutions as compared to the above identified DNA molecules and, thus, encode the same protein or polypeptides identified above. Further, complementary sequences are also encompassed by the present invention.

The nucleic acid of the present invention can be either DNA or RNA, which can readily be prepared using the above identified DNA molecules of the present invention.

The delivery of effector proteins or polypeptides can be achieved in several ways, depending upon the host being treated and the materials being used: (1) as a stable or plasmid-encoded transgene; (2) transiently expressed via Agrobacterium or viral vectors; (3) delivered by the type III secretion systems of disarmed pathogens or recombinant nonpathogenic bacteria which express a functional, heterologous type III secretion system; or (4) delivered via topical application followed by TAT protein transduction domain-mediated spontaneous uptake into cells. Each of these is discussed infra.

The DNA molecule encoding the protein or polypeptide can be incorporated in cells using conventional recombinant DNA technology. Generally, this involves inserting the DNA molecule into an expression system to which the DNA molecule is heterologous (i.e. not normally present). The heterologous DNA molecule is inserted into the expression system or vector in proper sense orientation and correct reading frame. The vector contains the necessary elements for the transcription and translation of the inserted protein-coding sequences.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,224 to Cohen and Boyer describes the production of expression systems in the form of recombinant plasmids using restriction enzyme cleavage and ligation with DNA ligase. These recombinant plasmids are then introduced by means of transformation and replicated in unicellular cultures including prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic cells grown in tissue culture.

Recombinant genes may also be introduced into viruses, such as vaccina virus. Recombinant viruses can be generated by transfection of plasmids into cells infected with virus.

Suitable vectors include, but are not limited to, the following viral vectors such as lambda vector system gt11, gt WES.tB, Charon 4, and plasmid vectors such as pBR322, pBR325, pACYC177, pACYC1084, pUC8, pUC9, pUC18, pUC19, pLG339, pR290, pKC37, pKC101, SV 40, pBluescript II SK +/− or KS +/− (see “Stratagene Cloning Systems” Catalog (1993) from Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif., which is hereby incorporated by reference), pQE, pIH821, pGEX, pET series (see Studier et al., 1990). Recombinant molecules can be introduced into cells via transformation, particularly transduction, conjugation, mobilization, or electroporation. The DNA sequences are cloned into the vector using standard cloning procedures in the art, as described by Sambrook et al., 1989.

A variety of host-vector systems may be utilized to express the protein-encoding sequence(s). Primarily, the vector system must be compatible with the host cell used. Host-vector systems include, but are not limited to, the following: bacteria transformed with bacteriophage DNA, plasmid DNA, or cosmid DNA; microorganisms such as yeast containing yeast vectors; mammalian cell systems infected with virus (e.g., vaccinia virus, adenovirus, etc.); insect cell systems infected with virus (e.g., baculovirus); and plant cells infected by bacteria. The expression elements of these vectors vary in their strength and specificities. Depending upon the host-vector system utilized, any one of a number of suitable transcription and translation elements can be used.

Different genetic signals and processing events control many levels of gene expression (e.g., DNA transcription and messenger RNA (mRNA) translation).

Transcription of DNA is dependent upon the presence of a promoter which is a DNA sequence that directs the binding of RNA polymerase and thereby promotes mRNA synthesis. The DNA sequences of eukaryotic promoters differ from those of prokaryotic promoters. Eukaryotic promoters and accompanying genetic signals may not be recognized in or may not function in a prokaryotic system and, further, prokaryotic promoters are not recognized and do not function in eukaryotic cells.

Similarly, translation of mRNA in prokaryotes depends upon the presence of the proper prokaryotic signals which differ from those of eukaryotes. Efficient translation of mRNA in prokaryotes requires a ribosome binding site called the Shine-Dalgarno (“SD”) sequence on the mRNA. This sequence is a short nucleotide sequence of mRNA that is located before the start codon, usually AUG, which encodes the amino-terminal methionine of the protein. The SD sequences are complementary to the 3′-end of the 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and probably promote binding of mRNA to ribosomes by duplexing with the rRNA to allow correct positioning of the ribosome. For a review on maximizing gene expression, see Roberts and Lauer, 1979.

Promoters vary in their “strength” (i.e., their ability to promote transcription). For the purposes of expressing a cloned gene, it is desirable to use strong promoters in order to obtain a high level of transcription and, hence, expression of the gene. Depending upon the host cell system utilized, any one of a number of suitable promoters may be used. For instance, when cloning in E. coli, its bacteriophages, or plasmids, promoters such as the T7 phage promoter, lac promoter, trp promoter, recA promoter, ribosomal RNA promoter, the P_(R) and P_(L) promoters of coliphage lambda and others, including but not limited, to lacUV5, ompF, bla, lpp, and the like, may be used to direct high levels of transcription of adjacent DNA segments. Additionally, a hybrid trp-lacUV5 (tac) promoter or other E. coli promoters produced by recombinant DNA or other synthetic DNA techniques may be used to provide for transcription of the inserted gene.

Bacterial host cell strains and expression vectors may be chosen which inhibit the action of the promoter unless specifically induced. In certain operations, the addition of specific inducers is necessary for efficient transcription of the inserted DNA. For example, the lac operon is induced by the addition of lactose or IPTG (isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside). A variety of other operons, such as trp, pro, etc., are under different controls.

Specific initiation signals are also required for efficient gene transcription and translation in prokaryotic cells. These transcription and translation initiation signals may vary in “strength” as measured by the quantity of gene specific messenger RNA and protein synthesized, respectively. The DNA expression vector, which contains a promoter, may also contain any combination of various “strong” transcription and/or translation initiation signals. For instance, efficient translation in E. coli requires an SD sequence about 7–9 bases 5′ to the initiation codon (“ATG”) to provide a ribosome binding site. Thus, any SD-ATG combination that can be utilized by host cell ribosomes may be employed. Such combinations include but are not limited to the SD-ATG combination from the cro gene or the N gene of coliphage lambda, or from the E. coli tryptophan E, D, C, B or A genes. Additionally, any SD-ATG combination produced by recombinant DNA or other techniques involving incorporation of synthetic nucleotides may be used.

Once the isolated DNA molecule encoding the polypeptide or protein has been cloned into an expression system, it is ready to be incorporated into a host cell. Such incorporation can be carried out by the various forms of transformation noted above, depending upon the vector/host cell system. Suitable host cells include, but are not limited to, bacteria, virus, yeast, mammalian cells, insect, plant, and the like.

Because it is desirable for recombinant host cells to secrete the encoded protein or polypeptide, it is preferable that the host cell also possess a functional type III secretion system. The type III secretion system can be heterologous to host cell (Ham et al., 1998) or the host cell can naturally possess a type III secretion system. Host cells which naturally contain a type III secretion system include many pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium, such as numerous Erwinia species, Pseudomonas species, Xanthomonas species, etc. Other type III secretion systems are known and still others are continually being identified. Pathogenic bacteria that can be utilized to deliver effector proteins or polypeptides are preferably disarmed according to known techniques, i.e., as described above. Alternatively, isolation of the effector protein or polypeptide from the host cell or growth medium can be carried out as described above.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a transgenic plant which express a protein or polypeptide of the present invention and methods of making the same.

In order to express the DNA molecule in isolated plant cells or tissue or whole plants, a plant expressible promoter is needed. Any plant-expressible promoter can be utilized regardless of its origin, i.e., viral, bacterial, plant, etc. Without limitation, two suitable promoters include the nopaline synthase promoter (Fraley et al., 1983) and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (O'Dell et al., 1985). Both of these promoters yield constitutive expression of coding sequences under their regulatory control.

While constitutive expression is generally suitable for expression of the DNA molecule, it should be apparent to those of skill in the art that temporally or tissue regulated expression may also be desirable, in which case any regulated promoter can be selected to achieve the desired expression. Typically, the temporally or tissue regulated promoters will be used in connection with the DNA molecule that are expressed at only certain stages of development or only in certain tissues.

In some plants, it may also be desirable to use promoters which are responsive to pathogen infiltration or stress. For example, it may be desirable to limit expression of the protein or polypeptide in response to infection by a particular pathogen of the plant. One example of a pathogen-inducible promoter is the gstl promoter from potato, which is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,750,874 and 5,723,760 to Strittmayer et al., which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Expression of the DNA molecule in isolated plant cells or tissue or whole plants also requires appropriate transcription termination and polyadenylation of mRNA. Any 3′ regulatory region suitable for use in plant cells or tissue can be operably linked to the first and second DNA molecules. A number of 3′ regulatory regions are known to be operable in plants. Exemplary 3′ regulatory regions include, without limitation, the nopaline synthase 3′ regulatory region (Fraley et al., 1983) and the cauliflower mosaic virus 3′ regulatory region (Odell et al., 1985).

The promoter and a 3′ regulatory region can readily be ligated to the DNA molecule using well known molecular cloning techniques described in Sambrook et al., 1989.

One approach to transforming plant cells with a DNA molecule of the present invention is particle bombardment (also known as biolistic transformation) of the host cell. This can be accomplished in one of several ways. The first involves propelling inert or biologically active particles at cells. This technique is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,945,050, 5,036,006, and 5,100,792, all to Sanford, et al. Generally, this procedure involves propelling inert or biologically active particles at the cells under conditions effective to penetrate the outer surface of the cell and to be incorporated within the interior thereof. When inert particles are utilized, the vector can be introduced into the cell by coating the particles with the vector containing the heterologous DNA. Alternatively, the target cell can be surrounded by the vector so that the vector is carried into the cell by the wake of the particle. Biologically active particles (e.g., dried bacterial cells containing the vector and heterologous DNA) can also be propelled into plant cells. Other variations of particle bombardment, now known or hereafter developed, can also be used.

Another method of introducing the DNA molecule into plant cells is fusion of protoplasts with other entities, either minicells, cells, lysosomes, or other fusible lipid-surfaced bodies that contain the DNA molecule (Fraley et al., 1982).

The DNA molecule may also be introduced into the plant cells by electroporation (Fromm, et al., 1985). In this technique, plant protoplasts are electroporated in the presence of plasmids containing the DNA molecule. Electrical impulses of high field strength reversibly permeabilize biomembranes allowing the introduction of the plasmids. Electroporated plant protoplasts reform the cell wall, divide, and regenerate.

Another method of introducing the DNA molecule into plant cells is to infect a plant cell with Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium rhizogenes previously transformed with the DNA molecule. Under appropriate conditions known in the art, the transformed plant cells are grown to form shoots or roots, and develop further into plants. Generally, this procedure involves inoculating the plant tissue with a suspension of bacteria and incubating the tissue for 48 to 72 hours on regeneration medium without antibiotics at 25–28° C.

Agrobacterium is a representative genus of the Gram-negative family Rhizobiaceae. Its species are responsible for crown gall (A. tumefaciens) and hairy root disease (A. rhizogenes). The plant cells in crown gall tumors and hairy roots are induced to produce amino acid derivatives known as opines, which are catabolized only by the bacteria. The bacterial genes responsible for expression of opines are a convenient source of control elements for chimeric expression cassettes. In addition, assaying for the presence of opines can be used to identify transformed tissue.

Heterologous genetic sequences such as a DNA molecule of the present invention can be introduced into appropriate plant cells by means of the Ti plasmid of A. tumefaciens or the Ri plasmid of A. rhizogenes. The Ti or Ri plasmid is transmitted to plant cells on infection by Agrobacterium and is stably integrated into the plant genome (Schell, 1987).

Plant tissue suitable for transformation include leaf tissue, root tissue, meristems, zygotic and somatic embryos, and anthers.

After transformation, the transformed plant cells can be selected and regenerated.

Preferably, transformed cells are first identified using, e.g., a selection marker simultaneously introduced into the host cells along with the DNA molecule of the present invention. Suitable selection markers include, without limitation, markers coding for antibiotic resistance, such as kanamycin resistance (Fraley et al., 1983). A number of antibiotic-resistance markers are known in the art and other are continually being identified. Any known antibiotic-resistance marker can be used to transform and select transformed host cells in accordance with the present invention. Cells or tissues are grown on a selection media containing an antibiotic, whereby generally only those transformants expressing the antibiotic resistance marker continue to grow.

Once a recombinant plant cell or tissue has been obtained, it is possible to regenerate a full-grown plant therefrom. Thus, another aspect of the present invention relates to a transgenic plant that includes a DNA molecule of the present invention, wherein the promoter induces transcription of the first DNA molecule in response to infection of the plant by an oomycete. Preferably, the DNA molecule is stably inserted into the genome of the transgenic plant of the present invention.

Plant regeneration from cultured protoplasts is described in Evans et al., 1983, and Vasil, 1984 and 1986.

It is known that practically all plants can be regenerated from cultured cells or tissues, including but not limited to, all major species of rice, wheat, barley, rye, cotton, sunflower, peanut, corn, potato, sweet potato, bean, pea, chicory, lettuce, endive, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, turnip, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, eggplant, pepper, celery, carrot, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, apple, pear, melon, strawberry, grape, raspberry, pineapple, soybean, tobacco, tomato, sorghum, and sugarcane.

Means for regeneration vary from species to species of plants, but generally a suspension of transformed protoplasts or a petri plate containing transformed explants is first provided. Callus tissue is formed and shoots may be induced from callus and subsequently rooted. Alternatively, embryo formation can be induced in the callus tissue. These embryos germinate as natural embryos to form plants. The culture media will generally contain various amino acids and hormones, such as auxin and cytokinins. It is also advantageous to add glutamic acid and proline to the medium, especially for such species as corn and alfalfa. Efficient regeneration will depend on the medium, on the genotype, and on the history of the culture. If these three variables are controlled, then regeneration is usually reproducible and repeatable.

After the DNA molecule is stably incorporated in transgenic plants, it can be transferred to other plants by sexual crossing or by preparing cultivars. With respect to sexual crossing, any of a number of standard breeding techniques can be used depending upon the species to be crossed. Cultivars can be propagated in accord with common agricultural procedures known to those in the field.

Diseases caused by the vast majority of bacterial pathogens result in limited lesions. That is, even when everything is working in the pathogen's favor (e.g., no triggering of the hypersensitive response because of R-gene detection of one of the effectors), the parasitic process still triggers defenses after a couple of days, which then stops the infection from spreading. Thus, the very same effectors that enable parasitism to proceed must also eventually trigger defenses. Therefore, premature expression of these effectors is believed to “turn on” plant defenses earlier (i.e., prior to infection) and make the plant resistant to either the specific bacteria from which the effector protein was obtained or many pathogens. An advantage of this approach is that it involves natural products and plants seem highly sensitive to pathogen effector proteins.

According to one embodiment, a transgenic plant is provided that contains a heterologous DNA molecule of the present invention. Preferably, the heterologous DNA molecule is derived from a plant pathogen EEL. When the heterologous DNA molecule is expressed in the transgenic plant, plant defenses are activated, imparting disease resistance to the transgenic plant. The transgenic plant can also contain an R-gene which is activated by the protein or polypeptide product of the heterologous DNA molecule. The R gene can be naturally occurring in the plant or heterologously inserted therein. A number of R genes have been identified in various plant species, including without limitation: RPS2, RPM1, and RPP5 from Arabidopsis thaliana; Cf2, Cf9, I2, Pto, and Prf from tomato; N from tobacco; L6 and M from flax; Xa21 from rice; and Hs1pro-1 from sugar beet. In addition to imparting disease resistance, it is believed that stimulation of plant defenses in transgenic plants of the present invention will also result in a simultaneous enhancement in growth and resistance to insects.

According to another embodiment, a plant, transgenic or non-transgenic, is treated with a protein or polypeptide of the present invention. By treating, it is intended to include various forms of applying the protein or polypeptide to the plant. The embodiments of the present invention where the effector polypeptide or protein is applied to the plant can be carried out in a number of ways, including: 1) application of an isolated protein (or composition containing the same) or 2) application of bacteria which do not cause disease and are transformed with a gene encoding the effector protein of the present invention. In the latter embodiment, the effector protein can be applied to plants by applying bacteria containing the DNA molecule encoding the effector protein. Such bacteria are preferably capable of secreting or exporting the protein so that the protein can contact plant cells. In these embodiments, the protein is produced by the bacteria in planta.

Such topical application is typically carried out using an effector fusion protein which includes a transduction domain, which will afford transduction domain-mediated spontaneous uptake of the effector protein into cells. Basically, this is carried out by fusing an 11-amino acid peptide (YGRKKRRQRRR, SEQ. ID. No. 91) by standard rDNA techniques to the N-terminus of the effector protein, and the resulting tagged protein is taken up into cells by a poorly understood process. This peptide is the protein transduction domain (PTD) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) TAT protein (Schwarze et al., 2000). Other PTDs are known and may possibly be used for this purpose (Prochiantz, 2000).

When the effector protein is topically applied to plants, it can be applied as a composition, which includes a carrier in the form, e.g., of water, aqueous solutions, slurries, or dry powders. In this embodiment, the composition contains greater than about 5 nM of the protein of the present invention.

Although not required, this composition may contain additional additives including fertilizer, insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, and mixtures thereof. Suitable fertilizers include (NH₄)₂NO₃. An example of a suitable insecticide is Malathion. Useful fungicides include Captan.

Other suitable additives include buffering agents, wetting agents, coating agents, and, in some instances, abrading agents. These materials can be used to facilitate the process of the present invention.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a transgenic plant is provided that contains a heterologous DNA molecule that encodes a transcript or a protein or polypeptide capable of disrupting function of a plant pathogen CEL product. Because the genes in the CEL are particularly important in pathogenesis, disrupting the function of their products in plants can result in broad resistance since CEL genes are highly conserved among Gram negative pathogens, particularly along species lines. An exemplary protein or polypeptide which can disrupt function of a CEL product is an antibody, polyclonal or monoclonal, raised against the CEL product using conventional techniques. Once isolated, the antibody can be sequenced and nucleic acids synthesized for encoding the same. Such nucleic acids, e.g., DNA, can be used to transform plants.

Transgenic plants can also be engineered so that they are hypersusceptible and, therefore, will support the growth of nonpathogenic bacteria for biotechnological purposes. It is known that many plant pathogenic bacteria can alter the environment inside plant leaves so that nonpathogenic bacteria can grow. This ability is presumably based on changes in the plant caused by pathogen effector proteins. Thus, transgenic plants expressing the appropriate effector genes can be used for these purposes.

According to one embodiment, a transgenic plant including a heterologous DNA molecule of the present invention expresses one or more effector proteins, wherein the transgenic plant is capable of supporting growth of compatible nonpathogenic bacteria (i.e., non-pathogenic endophytes such as various Clavibacter ssp.). The compatible nonpathogenic bacteria can be naturally occurring or it can be recombinant. Preferably, the nonpathogenic bacteria is recombinant and expresses one or more useful products. Thus, the transgenic plant becomes a green factory for producing desirable products. Desirable products include, without limitation, products that can enhance the nutritional quality of the plant or products that are desirable in isolated form. If desired in isolated form, the product can be isolated from plant tissues. To prevent competition between the non-pathogenic bacteria which express the desired product and those that do not, it is possible to tailor the needs of recombinant, non-pathogenic bacteria so that only they are capable of living in plant tissues expressing a particular effector protein or polypeptide of the present invention.

The effector proteins or polypeptides of the present invention are believed to alter the plant physiology by shifting metabolic pathways to benefit the parasite and by activating or suppressing cell death pathways. Thus, they may also provide useful tools for efficiently altering the nutrient content of plants and delaying or triggering senescence. There are agricultural applications for all of these possible effects.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to diagnostic uses of the CEL and EEL. The CEL genes are universal to species of Gram negative bacteria, particularly pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (such as P. syringae), whereas the EEL sequences are strain-specific and provide a “virulence gene fingerprint” that could be used to track the presence, origins, and movement (and restrict the spread through quarantines) of strains that are particularly threatening. Although the CEL and EEL have been identified in various pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae, it is expected that most all Gram-negative pathogens can be identified, distinguished, and classified based upon the homology of the CEL and EEL genes.

According to one embodiment, a method of determining relatedness between two bacteria is carried out by comparing a nucleic acid alignment or amino acid alignment for a CEL of the two bacteria and then determining the relatedness of the two bacteria, wherein a higher sequence identity indicates a closer relationship. The CEL is particularly useful for determining the relatedness of two distinct bacterial species.

According to another embodiment, a method of determining relatedness between two bacteria which is carried out by comparing a nucleic acid alignment or amino acid alignment for an EEL of the two bacteria and then determining the relatedness of the two bacteria, wherein a higher sequence identity indicates a closer relationship. The EEL is particularly useful for determining the relatedness of two pathovars of a single bacterial species.

Given the methods of determining relatedness of bacteria species and/or pathovars, these methods can be utilized in conjunction with plant breeding programs. By detecting the “virulence gene fingerprint” of pathogens which are prevalent in a particular growing region, it is possible either to develop transgenic cultivars as described above or to identify existing plant cultivars which are resistant to the prevalent pathogens.

In addition to the above described uses, another aspect of the present invention relates to gene- and protein-based therapies for animals, preferably mammals including, without limitation, humans, dogs, mice, rats. The P. syringae pv. syringae B728a EEL ORF5 protein (SEQ. ID. No. 32) is a member of the AvrRxv/YopJ protein family. YopJ is injected into human cells by the Yersinia type III secretion system, where it disrupts the function of certain protein kinases to inhibit cytokine release and promote programmed cell death. It is believed that the targets of many pathogen effector proteins (i.e., P. syringae effector proteins) will be universal to eukaryotes and therefore have a variety of potentially useful functions. In fact, two of the proteins in the P. syringae Hrp pathogenicity islands are toxic when expressed in yeast. They are HopPsyA from the P. syringae pv. syringae EEL and HopPtoA from the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 CEL. This supports the concept of universal eukaryote targets.

Thus, a further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of causing eukaryotic cell death which is carried out by introducing into a eukaryotic cell a cytotoxic Pseudomonas protein. The cytotoxic Pseudomonas protein is preferably HopPsyA (e.g., SEQ. ID. Nos. 36 (Psy 61), 62 (Psy 226), or 64 (Psy B143)) HopPtoA (SEQ. ID. No. 7), or HopPtoA2 (SEQ. ID. No. 66). The eukaryotic cell which is treated can be either in vitro or in vivo. When treating eukaryotic cells in vivo, a number of different protein- or DNA-delivery systems can be employed to introduce the effector protein into the target eukaryotic cell.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that at least the HopPsyA effector proteins exert their cytotoxic effects through Mad2 interactions, disrupting cell checkpoint of spindle formation (see infra).

The protein- or DNA-delivery systems can be provided in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which include the delivery system in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which may include suitable excipients or stabilizers. The dosage can be in solid or liquid form, such as powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. Typically, the composition will contain from about 0.01 to 99 percent, preferably from about 20 to 75 percent of active compound(s), together with the carrier, excipient, stabilizer, etc.

The compositions of the present invention are preferably administered in injectable or topically-applied dosages by solution or suspension of these materials in a physiologically acceptable diluent with a pharmaceutical carrier. Such carriers include sterile liquids, such as water and oils, with or without the addition of a surfactant and other pharmaceutically and physiologically acceptable carrier, including adjuvants, excipients or stabilizers. Illustrative oils are those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, for example, peanut oil, soybean oil, or mineral oil. In general, water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solution, and glycols, such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, are preferred liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.

Alternatively, the effector proteins can also be delivered via solution or suspension packaged in a pressurized aerosol container together with suitable propellants, for example, hydrocarbon propellants like propane, butane, or isobutane with conventional adjuvants. The materials of the present invention also may be administered in a non-pressurized form such as in a nebulizer or atomizer.

Depending upon the treatment being effected, the compounds of the present invention can be administered orally, topically, transdermally, parenterally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, by intranasal instillation, by intracavitary or intravesical instillation, intraocularly, intraarterially, intralesionally, or by application to mucous membranes, such as, that of the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes.

Compositions within the scope of this invention include all compositions wherein the compound of the present invention is contained in an amount effective to achieve its intended purpose. While individual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of each component is within the skill of the art.

One approach for delivering an effector protein into cells involves the use of liposomes. Basically, this involves providing a liposome which includes that effector protein to be delivered, and then contacting the target cell with the liposome under conditions effective for delivery of the effector protein into the cell.

Liposomes are vesicles comprised of one or more concentrically ordered lipid bilayers which encapsulate an aqueous phase. They are normally not leaky, but can become leaky if a hole or pore occurs in the membrane, if the membrane is dissolved or degrades, or if the membrane temperature is increased to the phase transition temperature. Current methods of drug delivery via liposomes require that the liposome carrier ultimately become permeable and release the encapsulated drug at the target site. This can be accomplished, for example, in a passive manner wherein the liposome bilayer degrades over time through the action of various agents in the body. Every liposome composition will have a characteristic half-life in the circulation or at other sites in the body and, thus, by controlling the half-life of the liposome composition, the rate at which the bilayer degrades can be somewhat regulated.

In contrast to passive drug release, active drug release involves using an agent to induce a permeability change in the liposome vesicle. Liposome membranes can be constructed so that they become destabilized when the environment becomes acidic near the liposome membrane (see, e.g., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7851 (1987); Biochemistry 28:908 (1989), which are hereby incorporated by reference). When liposomes are endocytosed by a target cell, for example, they can be routed to acidic endosomes which will destabilize the liposome and result in drug release.

Alternatively, the liposome membrane can be chemically modified such that an enzyme is placed as a coating on the membrane which slowly destabilizes the liposome. Since control of drug release depends on the concentration of enzyme initially placed in the membrane, there is no real effective way to modulate or alter drug release to achieve “on demand” drug delivery. The same problem exists for pH-sensitive liposomes in that as soon as the liposome vesicle comes into contact with a target cell, it will be engulfed and a drop in pH will lead to drug release.

This liposome delivery system can also be made to accumulate at a target organ, tissue, or cell via active targeting (e.g., by incorporating an antibody or hormone on the surface of the liposomal vehicle). This can be achieved according to known methods.

Different types of liposomes can be prepared according to Bangham et al., (1965); U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,996 to Hsu et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,599 to Lee et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,613 to Holland et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,237 to Dzau et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,421 to Loughrey et al.

An alternative approach for delivery of effector proteins involves the conjugation of the desired effector protein to a polymer that is stabilized to avoid enzymatic degradation of the conjugated effector protein. Conjugated proteins or polypeptides of this type are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,811 to Ekwuribe.

Yet another approach for delivery of proteins or polypeptides involves preparation of chimeric proteins according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,789 to Heartlein et al. The chimeric protein can include a ligand domain and, e.g., an effector protein of the present invention. The ligand domain is specific for receptors located on a target cell. Thus, when the chimeric protein is delivered intravenously or otherwise introduced into blood or lymph, the chimeric protein will adsorb to the targeted cell, and the targeted cell will internalize the chimeric protein, which allows the effector protein to de-stabilize the cell checkpoint control mechanism, affording its cytotoxic effects.

When it is desirable to achieve heterologous expression of an effector protein of the present invention in a target cell, DNA molecules encoding the desired effector protein can be delivered into the cell. Basically, this includes providing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the effector protein and then introducing the nucleic acid molecule into the cell under conditions effective to express the effector protein in the cell. Preferably, this is achieved by inserting the nucleic acid molecule into an expression vector before it is introduced into the cell.

When transforming mammalian cells for heterologous expression of an effector protein, an adenovirus vector can be employed. Adenovirus gene delivery vehicles can be readily prepared and utilized given the disclosure provided in Berkner, 1988, and Rosenfeld et al., 1991. Adeno-associated viral gene delivery vehicles can be constructed and used to deliver a gene to cells. The use of adeno-associated viral gene delivery vehicles in vitro is described in Chatterjee et al. 1992; Walsh et al. 1992; Walsh et al., 1994; Flotte et al., 1993a; Ponnazhagan et al., 1994; Miller et al., 1994; Einerhand et al., 1995; Luo et al., 1995; and Zhou et al., 1996. In vivo use of these vehicles is described in Flotte et al., 1993b and Kaplitt et al., 1994. Additional types of adenovirus vectors are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,155 to Wickham et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,908 to Bout et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,557 to Wilson et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,132 to Chamberlain et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,225 to Kochanek et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,808 to Spooner et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,727 to Curiel.

Retroviral vectors which have been modified to form infective transformation systems can also be used to deliver nucleic acid encoding a desired effector protein into a target cell. One such type of retroviral vector is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,586 to Kriegler et al.

Regardless of the type of infective transformation system employed, it should be targeted for delivery of the nucleic acid to a specific cell type. For example, for delivery of the nucleic acid into tumor cells, a high titer of the infective transformation system can be injected directly within the tumor site so as to enhance the likelihood of tumor cell infection. The infected cells will then express the desired effector protein, e.g., HopPtoA, HopPsyA, or HopPtoA2, disrupting cellular functions and producing cytotoxic effects.

Particularly preferred is use of the effector proteins of the present invention to treat a cancerous condition (i.e., the eukaryotic cell which is affected is a cancer cell). This can be carried out by introducing a cytotoxic Pseudomonas protein into cancer cells of a patient under conditions effective to inhibit cancer cell division, thereby treating the cancerous condition.

By introducing, it is intended that the effector protein is administered to the patient, preferably in the form of a composition which will target delivery to the cancer cells. Alternatively, when using DNA-based therapies, it is intended that the introducing be carried out by administering a target DNA delivery system to the patient such that the cancer cells are targeted and the effector protein is expressed therein.

EXAMPLES

The following Examples are intended to be illustrative and in no way are intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Materials and Methods

Bacterial Strains, Culture Conditions, Plasmids, and DNA Manipulation Techniques:

Three experimentally amenable strains that represent different levels of diversity in P. syringae were investigated: Psy 61, Psy B728a, and Pto DC3000. (i) Psy 61 is a weak pathogen of bean whose hrp gene cluster, cloned on cosmid pHIR11, contains all of the genes necessary for nonpathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli to elicit the HR in tobacco and to secrete in culture the HrpZ harpin, a protein with unknown function that is secreted abundantly by the Hrp system (Alfano et al., 1996). The pHIR11 hrp cluster has been completely sequenced (FIG. 1) (Alfano and Collmer, 1997), and the hopPsyA gene in the hypervariable region at the left edge of the cluster was shown to encode a protein that has an Avr phenotype, travels the Hrp pathway, and elicits cell death when expressed in tobacco cells (Alfano and Collmer, 1997; Alfano et al., 1997; van Dijk et al., 1999). (ii) Psy B728a is in the same pathovar as strain 61 but is highly virulent and is a model for studying the role of the Hrp system in epiphytic fitness and pathogenicity (brown spot of bean) in the field (Hirano et al., 1999). (iii) Pto DC3000 is a well-studied pathogen of Arabidopsis and tomato (causing bacterial speck) that is highly divergent from pathovar syringae strains. Analysis of rRNA operon RFLP patterns has indicated that Pto and Psy are distantly related and could be considered separate species (Manceau and Horvais, 1997). Thus, we were able to compare two strains in the same pathovar with a strain from a highly divergent pathovar.

Conditions for culturing E. coli and P. syringae strains have been described (van Dijk et al., 1999), as have the sources for Psy 61 (Preston et al., 1995), Psy B728a (Hirano et al., 1999), and Pto DC3000 (Preston et al., 1995). Cloning and DNA manipulations were done in E. coli DH5α using pBluescript II (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.), pRK415 (Keen et al., 1988), and cosmid pCPP47 (Bauer and Collmer, 1997), according to standard procedures (Ausubel et al., 1994). Cosmid libraries of Pto DC3000 and Psy B728a genomic DNA were previously constructed (Charkowski et al., 1998). Oligonucleotide synthesis and DNA sequencing were performed at the Cornell Biotechnology Center. The nucleotide sequence of the Pto DC3000 hrp/hrc cluster was determined using subclones of pCPP2473, a cosmid selected from a genomic cosmid library based on hybridization with the hrpK gene of Psy 61. The nucleotide sequence of the Psy B728a hrp/hrc cluster was determined using subclones of pCPP2346 and pCPP3017. These cosmids were selected from a genomic library based on hybridization with the hrpC operon of 61. The left side of the Psy 61 EEL region was cloned by PCR into pBSKSII+ XhoI and EcoRI sites using the following primers:

SEQ. ID. NO. 71, which primes within queA and contains an XhoI site:

atgactcgag gcgtggattc aggcaaat 28 SEQ. ID. NO. 72, which primes within hopPsyA and contains an EcoRI site:

atgagaattc tgccgccgct ttctcgtt 28 Pfu polymerase was used for all PCR experiments. DNA sequence data were managed and analyzed with the DNAStar Program (Madison, Wis.), and databases were searched with the BLASTX, BLASTP, and BLASTN programs (Altschul et al., 1997). Mutant Construction and Analysis:

Large deletions in the Pto DC3000 Hrp Pai were constructed by subcloning border fragments into restriction sites on either side of an ΩSp^(R) cassette in pRK415, electroporating the recombinant plasmids into DC3000, and then selecting and screening for marker exchange mutants as described (Alfano et al., 1996). The following left and right side (FIGS. 2 and 3) deletion border fragments were used (with residual gene fragments indicated): for CUCPB5110 left tgt-gueA-tRNA-^(Leu)-ORF4′ (27 bp of ORF4) and right ORF1′-hrpK (396 bp of ORF1); and for CUCPB5115 left hrpS′-avrE′ (2569 bp of avrE) and right ORF6 (156 bp upstream of ORF6 start codon). The later fragment was PCR-amplified using the following primers:

SEQ. ID. NO. 73, which primes in the ORF5–ORF6 intergenic region and contains an XbaI site:

cgctctagac caaggactgc 20 SEQ. ID. NO. 74, which primes in ORF6 and contains a HindIII site:

ccagaagctt ctgtttttga gtc 23 Mutant constructions were confirmed by Southern hybridizations using previously described conditions (Charkowski et al., 1998). The ability of mutants to secrete AvrPto was determined with anti-AvrPto antibodies and immunoblot analysis of cell fractions as previously described (van Dijk et al., 1999). Mutant CUCPB5115 was complemented with pCPP3016, which carries ORF2 through ORF10 in cosmid pCPP47, and was introduced from E. coli DH5α by triparental mating using helper strain E. coli DH5α(pRK600), as described (Charkowski et al., 1998). T7 Expression Analysis:

Protein products of the Pto DC3000 EEL were analyzed by T7 polymerase-dependent expression using vector pET21 and E. coli BL21(DE3) as previously described (Huang et al., 1995). The following primer sets were used to PCR each ORF from pCPP3091, which carries in pBSKSII+ a BamH1 fragment containing tgt to hrcV:

ORF1, SEQ. ID. Nos. 75 and 76, respectively:

agtaggatcc tgaaatgtag gggcccgg 28 agtaaagctt atgatgctgt ttccagta 28 ORF2, SEQ. ID. Nos. 77 and 78, respectively:

agtaggatcc tctcgaagga atggagca 28 agtaaagctt cgtgaagatg catttcgc 28 ORF3, SEQ. ID. Nos. 79 and 80, respectively:

agtaggatcc tagtcactga tcgaacgt 28 agtactcgag ccacgaaata acacggta 28 ORF4, SEQ. ID. Nos. 81 and 82, respectively:

agtaggatcc caggactgcc ttccagcg 28 agtactcgag cagagcggcg tccgtggc 28 tnpA, SEQ. ID. Nos. 83 and 84, respectively:

agtaggatcc agaattgttg aagaaatc 28 agtaaagctt tgcgctgtta actcatcg 28 Plant Bioassays:

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. Moneymaker and Rio Grande) were grown under greenhouse conditions and then maintained at 25° C. with daylight and supplemental halide illumination for HR and virulence assays. Bacteria were grown overnight on King's medium B agar supplemented with appropriate antibiotics, suspended in 5 mM MES pH 5.6, and then infiltrated with a needleless syringe into the leaves of test plants at 10⁸ cfu/ml for HR assays and 10⁴ cfu/ml for pathogenicity assays (Charkowski et al., 1998). All assays were repeated at least four times on leaves from different plants. Bacterial growth in tomato leaves was assayed by excising disks from infiltrated areas with a cork borer, comminuting the tissue in 0.5 ml of 5 mM MES, pH 5.6, with a Kontes Pellet Pestle (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa.), and then dilution plating the homogenate on King's medium B agar with 50 μg/ml rifampicin and 2 μg/ml cycloheximide to determine bacterial populations. The mean and SD from three leaf samples were determined for each time point. The relative growth in planta of DC3000 and CUCPB5110 was similarly assayed in 4 independent experiments and the relative growth of DC3000, CUCPB5115, and CUCPB5115(pCPP3016) in 3 independent experiments. Although the final population levels achieved by DC3000 varied between experiments, the populations levels of the mutants relative to the wild type were the same as in the representative experiments presented below.

Example 1

Comparison of hrp/hrc Gene Clusters of Psy 61, Psy B728a, and Pto DC3000

To determine if the hrp/hrc clusters from Psy B728a and Pto DC3000 were organized similarly to the previously characterized hrp/hrc cluster of Psy 61, two cosmids carrying hrp/hrc inserts were partially characterized. pCPP2346 carries the entire hrp/hrc cluster of B728a, and pCPP2473 carries the left half of the hrp/hrc cluster of DC3000. The right half of the DC3000 hrp/hrc cluster had been characterized previously (Preston et al., 1995). Sequencing the ends of several subclones derived from these cosmids provided fingerprints of the B728a and DC3000 hrp/hrc clusters, which indicated that both are arranged like that of strain 61 (FIG. 1). However, B728a contains between hrcU and hrpV a 3.6-kb insert with homologs of bacteriophage lambda genes Ea59 (23% amino-acid identity; E=2e-7) and Ea31 (30% amino-acid identity; E=6e-8) (Hendrix et al., 1983), and the B728a hrcU ORF has 36 additional codons. A possible insertion of this size in several Psy strains that are highly virulent on bean was suggested by a previous RFLP analysis (Legard et al., 1993). Cosmid pCPP2346, which contains the B728a hrp/hrc region and flanking sequences (4 kb on the left and 13 kb on the right), enabled P. fluorescens to secrete the B728a HrpZ harpin in culture and to elicit the HR in tobacco leaves, however, confluent necrosis developed more slowly than with P. fluorescens(pHIR11) (data not shown). To further test the relatedness of the Psy 61 and B728a hrp/hrc gene clusters using an internal reference, the B728a hrpA gene was sequenced. Of the hrp/hrc genes that have been sequenced in Psy and Pto, hrpA, which encodes the major subunit of the Hrp pilus (Roine et al., 1997), is the least conserved (28% amino-acid identity) (Preston et al., 1995). However, the hrpA genes of strains 61 and B728a were 100% identical, which further supports the close relationship of these strains and their Hrp systems.

Example 2

Identification of an Exchangeable Effector Locus (EEL) in the Hrp Pai between hrpK and tRNA^(Leu)

Sequence analysis of the left side of the Psy 61, Psy B728a, and Pto DC3000 Hrp Pais revealed that the high percentage identity in hrpK sequences in these strains abruptly terminates three nucleotides after the hrpK stop codon and then is restored near tRNA^(Leu), queA, and tgt sequences after 2.5 kb (Psy 61), 7.3 kb (Psy B728a), or 5.9 kb (Pto DC3000) of dissimilar, intervening DNA (FIG. 2). The difference between Psy strains 61 and B728a in this region was particularly surprising. This region of the P. syringae Hrp Pai was given the EEL designation because it contained completely different effector protein genes (Table 1 below), which appear to be exchanged at this locus at a high frequency. In this regard, it is noteworthy that (i) ORF2 in the B728a EEL is a homolog of avrPphE, which is in a different location, immediately downstream of hrpK (hrpY), in Pph 1302A (Mansfield et al., 1994), (ii) hopPsyA (hrmA) is present in only a few Psy strains (Heu and Hutcheson, 1993; Alfano et al., 1997), (iii) and ORF5 in the B728a EEL predicts a protein that is similar to Xanthomonas AvrBsT and possesses multiple motifs characteristic of the AvrRxv family (Ciesiolka et al., 1999). G+C content different from the genomic average is a hallmark of horizontally transferred genes, and the G+C contents of the ORFs in the three EELs are considerably lower than the average of 59–61% for P. syringae (Palleroni et al., 1984) (Table 1 below). They are also lower than hrpK (60%) and queA (63–64%). The ORFs in the Pto DC3000 EEL predict no products with similarity to known effector proteins, however T7 polymerase-dependent expression revealed products in the size range predicted for ORF1, ORF3, and ORF4. Furthermore, the ORF1 protein is secreted in a hrp-dependent manner by E. coli(pCPP2156), which expresses an Erwinia chrysanthemi Hrp system that secretes P. syringae Avr proteins (Ham et al., 1998). Several ORFs in these EELs are preceded by Hrp boxes indicative of HrpL-activated promoters (FIG. 1) (Xiao and Hutcheson, 1994), and the lack of intervening Rho-independent terminator sequences or promoters suggests that ORF1 in DC3000 and ORF1 and ORF2 in B728a are expressed from HrpL-activated promoters upstream of the respective hrpK genes.

The EELs of these three strains also contain sequences homologous to insertion sequences, transposases, phage integrase genes, and plasmids (FIG. 2 and Table 1 below). The Psy B728a ORF5 and ORF6 operon is bordered on the left side by sequences similar to those in a Pph plasmid that carries several avr genes (Jackson et al., 1999) and by a sequence homologous to insertion elements that are typically found on plasmids, suggesting plasmid integration via an IS element in this region (Szabo and Mills, 1984). Psy B728a ORF3 and ORF4 show similarity to sequences implicated in the horizontal acquisition of the LEE Pai by pathogenic E. coli strains (Perna et al., 1998). These Psy B728a ORFs are not preceded by Hrp boxes and are unlikely to encode effector proteins.

TABLE 1 ORFs and fragments of genetic elements in the EELs of Pto DC3000, Psy B728a, and Psy 61 and similarities with known avr genes and mobile genetic elements. BLAST E value with representative ORF or % similar sequence(s) in database, or sequence G + C Size relevant feature Pto DC3000^(a) ORF1 55 466 aa Hrp-secreted (Alfano, unpublished) TnpA′ 55 279 aa le−125 P. stutzeri TnpAl (Bosch et al., 1999) ORF2 51 241 aa None ORF3 53 138 aa None ORF4 47 136 aa None Psy B728a ORF1 51 323 aa 9e−40 Pph AvrPphC (Yucel et al., 1994) ORF2 58 382 aa le−154 Pph AvrPphE (Mansfield et al., 1994) ORF3 55 507 aa 2e−63 E. coli L0015 (Perna et al., 1998) ORF4 55 118 aa 9e−9 E. coli L0014 (Perna et al., 1998) ORF5 49 411 aa le−4 Xcv AvrBsT (Ciesiolka et al., 1999) ORF6 52 120 aa None B plasmid 46 96 nt le−25 Pph pAV511 (Jackson et al., 1999) IntA′ 59 49 aa 3e−5 E. coli CP4-like integrase (Perna et al., 1998) Psy 61 HopPsyA 53 375 aa Hrp-secreted Avr (Alfano et al., 1997; van Dijk et al., 1999) ShcA 57 112 aa 6e−4 Y0008 (Perry et al., 1998) ^(a)Pathovar abbreviations correspond to the recommendations of Vivian and Mansfield (1993) for uniform avr nomenclature.

The left border of the EELs contains sequences similar to many tRNA^(Leu) genes and to E. coli queA and tgt queuosine biosynthesis genes (ca. 70% amino-acid identity in predicted products). The EEL sequences terminate at the 3′ end of the P. syringae tRNA sequences, as is typical for Pais (Hou, 1999). Virtually identical tgt-queA-tRNA^(Leu) sequences are found in the genome of P. aeruginosa PAO1 (www.pseudomonas.com), which is also in the fluorescent pseudomonad group. But PAO1 is not a plant pathogen, and this tRNA^(Leu) in P. aeruginosa is not linked to any type III secretion system genes or other genes in the Hrp Pai (FIG. 2). Thus, this is the apparent point of insertion of the Hrp Pai in the ancestral Pseudomonas genome.

Example 3

Identification of a Conserved Effector Locus (CEL) Located on the Right Side of the Hrp Pai in Psy B728a and Pto DC3000

Previous studies of the region to the right of hrpR in DC3000 had revealed the existence of the avrE locus, which is comprised of two transcriptional units (Lorang and Keen, 1995), the 5′ sequences for the first 4 transcriptional units beyond hrpR (Lorang and Keen, 1995), and the identity of the fourth transcriptional unit as the hrpW gene encoding a second harpin (Charkowski et al., 1998). The DNA sequence of the first 14 ORFs to the right of hrpR in Pto DC3000 was completed in this investigation and the corresponding region in Psy B728a was partially sequenced (FIG. 3). Like the EEL, this region contains putative effector genes, e.g., avrE (Lorang and Keen, 1995). Unlike the EEL, the ORFs in this region have an average G+C content of 58.0%, which is close to that of the hrp/hrc genes, the region contains no sequences similar to known mobile genetic elements, and it appears conserved between Psy and Pto (FIG. 3). Comparison of the regions sequenced in B728a and DC3000 revealed that the first 7 ORFs are arranged identically and have an average DNA sequence identity of 78%. Hence, this region was given the CEL designation.

The precise border of the CEL remains undefined, and no sequences that were repeated in the EEL border of the Hrp Pai were found. ORF7 and ORF8 are likely to be part of the CEL, based on the presence of an upstream Hrp box (FIG. 3). However, the region beyond ORF10 probably is not in the CEL because the product of the next ORF shows homology to a family of bacterial GstA proteins (e.g., 28% identity with E. coli GstA over 204 amino acids; E=1e-8)(Blattner et al., 1997), and glutathione-S-transferase activity is common in nonpathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads (Zablotowicz et al., 1995). The presence of a galP homolog (38% identity over 256 amino acids, based on incomplete sequence, to E. coli GalP; E=2e-42) (Blattner et al., 1997) in this region further suggests that it is beyond the CEL.

Several other features of this region in B728a and DC3000 are noteworthy. (i) Both strains have a 1-kb intergenic region between hrpR and ORF1 that is distinguished by low sequence identity (44%) but which contains three inverted repeats that could form stem loop structures affecting expression of the hrpRS operon. (ii) ORF1 is most similar to E. coli murein lytic transglycosylase MltD (38% identity over 324 amino acids; E=4e-56). (iii) ORF2 is 42% identical over 130 amino acids with E. amylovora DspF (E=9e-24), a candidate chaperone (Bogdanove et al., 1998a; Gaudriault et al., 1997). (iv) The ORF5 protein is secreted in a hrp-dependent manner by E. coli(pCPP2156), but mutation with an ΩSp^(r) cassette has little effect on either HR elicitation in tobacco or pathogenicity in tomato (Charkowski, unpublished). (v) Finally, six operons in this region are preceded by Hrp boxes (Lorang and Keen, 1995) (FIG. 3), which is characteristic of known avr genes in P. syringae (Alfano et al., 1996). Thus, the CEL carries multiple candidate effectors.

Example 4

Investigation of EEL and CEL Roles in Pathogenicity

A mutation was constructed in DC3000 that replaced all of the ORFs between hrpK and tRNA^(Leu) (EEL) with an ΩSp^(r) cassette (FIG. 2). This Pto mutant, CUCPB5110, was tested for its ability to elicit the HR in tobacco and to cause disease in tomato. The mutant retained the ability to elicit the HR and to produce disease symptoms, but it failed to reach population levels as high as the parental strain in tomato (FIG. 4A).

A mutation was constructed in DC3000 that replaced avrE through ORF5 (CEL) with an ΩSp^(r) cassette. This deleted all of the CEL ORFs that were both partially characterized and likely to encode effectors. This Pto mutant, CUCPB5115, still elicited the HR in tobacco, but tissue collapse was delayed ca. 5 h (FIG. 4C). The mutant no longer elicited disease symptoms in tomato when infiltrated at a concentration of 10⁴ cfu/ml, and growth in planta was strongly reduced (FIG. 4B). However, the mutant elicited an HR dependent on the tomato Pto R gene that was indistinguishable from the wild-type in tests involving PtoS (susceptible) and PtoR (resistant) Rio Grande tomato lines. Plasmid pCPP3016, which carries ORF2 through ORF10, fully restored the ability of CUCPB5115 to cause disease symptoms and partially restored the ability of the mutant to multiply in tomato leaves (FIGS. 4B and 4E). Deletion of the hrp/hrc cluster abolishes HR and pathogenicity phenotypes in Pto DC3000 (Collmer et al., 2000). To confirm that the large deletions in Pto mutants CUCPB5 110 and CUCPB5115 did not disrupt Hrp secretion functions, we compared the ability of these mutants, the DC3000 hrp/hrc deletion mutant, and wild-type DC3000 to make and secrete AvrPto in culture while retaining a cytoplasmic marker comprised of β-lactamase lacking its signal peptide. AvrPto provided an ideal subject for this test because it is a well-studied effector protein that is secreted in culture and injected into host cells in planta (Alfano and Collmer, 1997; van Dijk et al., 1999). Only the hrp/hrc deletion cluster mutant was impaired in AvrPto production and secretion (FIG. 5).

Based on the above studies, the P. syringae hrp/hrc genes are part of a Hrp Pai that has three distinct loci: an EEL, the hrp/hrc gene cluster, and a CEL. The EEL harbors exchangeable effector genes and makes only a quantitative contribution to parasitic fitness in host plants. The hrp/hrc locus encodes the Hrp secretion system and is required for effector protein delivery, parasitism, and pathogenicity. The CEL makes no discernible contribution to Hrp secretion functions but contributes strongly to parasitic fitness and is required for Pto pathogenicity in tomato. The Hrp Pai of P. syringae has several properties of Pais possessed by animal pathogens (Hacker et al., 1997), including the presence of many virulence-associated genes (several with relatively low G+C content) in a large (ca. 50-kb) chromosomal region linked to a tRNA locus and absent from the corresponding locus in a closely related species. In addition, the EEL portion of the Hrp Pai is unstable and contains many sequences related to mobile genetic elements.

The EEL is a novel feature of known Pais, which is likely involved in fine-tuning the parasitic fitness of P. syringae strains with various plant hosts. By comparing closely- and distantly-related strains of P. syringae, we were able to establish the high instability of this locus and the contrasting high conservation of its border sequences. No single mechanism can explain the high instability, as we found fragments related to phages, insertion sequences, and plasmids in the Psy and Pto EELs, and insertion sequences were recently reported in the corresponding region of three other P. syringae strains (Inoue and Takikawa, 1999). The mechanism or significance of the localization of the EELs between tRNA^(Leu) and hrpK sequences in the Hrp Pais also is unclear. Pto DC3000 carries at least one other effector gene, avrPto, that is located elsewhere in the genome (Ronald et al., 1992), many P. syringae avr genes are located on plasmids (Leach and White, 1996), and the EEL ORFs represent a mix of widespread, (e.g., avrRxv family) and seemingly rare (e.g., hopPsyA), effector genes. The G+C content of the EEL ORFs is significantly lower than that of the rest of the Hrp Pai and the P. syringae genome. Although certain genes in the non-EEL portions of the Hrp Pai, such as hrpA, are highly divergent, they have a high G+C content, and there is no evidence that they have been horizontally transferred separately from the rest of the Hrp Pai. The relatively low G+C content of the ORFs in the EELs (and of other P. syringae avr genes) suggests that these genes may be horizontally acquired from a wider pool of pathogenic bacteria than just P. syringae (Kim et al., 1998). Indeed, the avrRxv family of genes is found in a wide range of plant and animal pathogens (Ciesiolka et al., 1999). The weak effect on parasitic fitness of deleting the Pto DC3000 EEL, or of mutating hopPsyA (hrmA) in Psy 61 (Huang et al., 1991), is typical of mutations in individual avr genes and presumably results from redundancy in the effector protein system (Leach and White, 1996).

The functions of hrpK and of the CEL ORF1 are unclear but warrant discussion. These two ORFs reside just outside the hrpL and hrpR delimited cluster of operons containing both hrp and hrc genes and thereby spatially separate the three regions of the Hrp Pai (FIGS. 1–3). hrpK mutants have a variable Hrp phenotype (Mansfield et al., 1994; Bozso et al., 1999), and a Psy B728a hrpK mutant still secretes HrpZ (Alfano, unpublished), which suggests that HrpK may be an effector protein. Nevertheless, the HrpK proteins of Psy 61 and Pto DC3000 are 79% identical and therefore are more conserved than many Hrp secretion system components. It is also noteworthy that hrpK appears to be in an operon with other effector genes in Psy B728a and Pto DC3000. In contrast, the CEL ORF1 may contribute (weakly or redundantly) to Hrp secretion functions by promoting penetration of the system through the bacterial peptidoglycan layer. The ORF1 product has extensive homology with E. coli MltD and shares a lysozyme-like domain with the product of ipgF (Mushegian et al., 1996), a Shigella flexneri gene that is also located between loci encoding a type III secretion system and effector proteins (Allaoui et al., 1993). Mutations in these genes in Pto and S. flexneri have no obvious phenotype (Lorang and Keen, 1995; Allaoui et al., 1993), as is typical for genes encoding peptidoglycan hydrolases (Dijkstra and Keck, 1996).

The loss of pathogenicity in Pto mutant CUCPB5115, with an avrE-ORF5 deletion in the CEL, was surprising because pathogenicity is retained in DC3000 mutants in which the corresponding operons are individually disrupted (Lorang and Keen, 1995; Charkowski et al., 1998). In assessing the possible function of this region and the conservation of its constituent genes, it should be noted that avrE is unlike other avr genes found in Pto in that it confers avirulence to P. syringae pv glycinea on all tested soybean cultivars and it has a homolog (dspE) in E. amylovora that is required for pathogenicity (Lorang and Keen, 1995; Bogdanove et al., 1998b). Although the CEL is required for pathogenicity, it is not essential for type III effector protein secretion because the mutant still secretes AvrPto. It also appears to play no essential role in type III translocation of effector proteins into plant cells because the mutant still elicits the HR in nonhost tobacco and in a PtoR-resistance tomato line, and pHIR11, which lacks this region, appears capable of translocating several Avr proteins (Gopalan et al., 1996; Pirhonen et al., 1996). The conservation of this region in the divergent pathovars Psy and Pto, and its importance in disease, suggests that the products of the CEL may be redundantly involved in a common, essential aspect of pathogenesis.

The similar G+C content and codon usage of the hrp/hrc genes, the genes in the CEL, and total P. syringae genomic DNA suggests that the Hrp Pai was acquired early in the evolution of P. syringae. Although, the EEL region may have similarly developed early in the radiation of P. syringae into its many pathovars, races, and strains, the apparent instability that is discussed above suggests ongoing rapid evolution at this locus. Indeed, many P. syringae avr genes are associated with mobile genetic elements, regardless of their location (Kim et al., 1998). Thus, it appears that Hrp-mediated pathogenicity in P. syringae is collectively dependent on a set of genes that are universal among divergent pathovars and on another set that varies among strains even in the same pathovar. The latter are presumably acquired and lost in response to opposing selection pressures to promote parasitism while evading host R-gene surveillance systems.

Example 5

Role of ShcA as a Type III Chaperone for the HopPsyA Effector

The ORF upstream of hopPsyA, tentatively named shcA, encodes a protein product of the predicted molecular mass. The ORF upstream of the hopPsyA gene in P. s. syringae 61 (originally designated ORF1) shares sequence identity with exsC and ORF7, which are genes adjacent to type III effector genes in P. aeruginosa and Yersinia pestis, respectively (Frank and Iglewski, 1991; Perry et al., 1998). Although neither of these ORFs have been shown experimentally to encode chaperones, they have been noted to share properties that type III chaperones often possess (Cornellis et al., 1998). One of these properties is the location of the chaperone gene itself (FIGS. 1 and 6). Chaperone genes are often adjacent to a gene that encodes the effector protein with which the chaperone interacts. Furthermore, shcA also shares other common characteristics of type III chaperones: its protein product is relatively small (about 14 kDa), it has an acidic pI, and it has a C-terminal region that is predicted to be an amphipathic α-helix. To begin assessing the function of shcA, it was first determined whether shcA encodes a protein product. A construct was prepared using PCR that fused shcA in-frame to a sequence encoding the FLAG epitope. This construct, pLV26, contains the nucleotide sequence upstream of shcA, including a putative ribosome binding site (RBS). DH5αF′IQ(pLV26) cultures were grown in rich media and induced at the appropriate density with IPTG. Whole cell lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed with immunoblots using anti-FLAG antibodies. By comparing the ShcA-FLAG encoded by pLV26 to a construct that made ShcA-FLAG from a vector RBS, it was concluded that the native RBS upstream of shcA was competent for translation (FIG. 7). Thus, the shcA ORF is a legitimate gene that encodes a protein product.

To test the effects of shcA on bacterial-plant interactions, an shcA mutation was constructed in the minimalist hrp/hrc cluster carried on cosmid pHIR11. There are distinct advantages to having the shcA mutation marker-exchanged into pHIR11. The main one is that the HR assay can be used as a screen to determine if HopPsyA is being translocated into plant cells because the pHIR11-dependent HR requires the delivery of HopPsyA into plant cells (Alfano et al., 1996; Alfano et al., 1997). With the chromosomal shcA mutant, other Hop proteins would probably be delivered to the interior of plant cells. Some of these proteins would be recognized by the R gene-based plant surveillance system and initiate an HR masking any defect in HopPsyA delivery. E. coli MC4100 carrying pLV10, a pHIR11 derivative, which contains a nonpolar nptII cartridge within shcA, was unable to elicit an HR on tobacco (FIG. 8). This indicates that shcA is required for the translocation of HopPsyA into plant cells. To determine if HopPsyA was secreted in culture, cultures of the nonpathogen P. fluorescens 55 were grown. This bacterium carried either pHIR11, pCPP2089 (a pHIR11 derivative defective in type III secretion), or pLV10. The representative results can be seen in FIG. 8. shcA was required for the in-culture type III secretion of the HopPsyA effector protein, but not for HrpZ secretion, another protein secreted by the pHIR11 encoded Hrp system. These results indicate that the defect in type III secretion is specific to HopPsyA and are consistent with shcA encoding a chaperone for HopPsyA. It was after these results that the ORF upstream of the hopPsyA gene was named shcA for specific hop chaperone for HopPsyA, a naming system consistent with the naming system researchers have employed for chaperones in the archetypal Yersinia type III system.

Example 6

Cytotoxic Effects of hopPsyA Expressed in Plants

Transient expression of hopPsyA DNA in planta induces cell death in Nicotiana tabacum, but not in N. benthamiana, bean, or in Arabidopsis. To determine whether HopPsyA induced cell death on tobacco leaves as it did when produced in tobacco suspension cells, a transformation system that delivers the hopPsyA gene on T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used (Rossi et al., 1993; van den Ackerveken et al., 1996). This delivery system works better than biolistics for transiently transforming whole plant leaves. For these experiments, vector pTA7002, kindly provided by Nam-Hai Chua and his colleagues at Rockefeller University, was used. The unique property of this vector is that it contains an inducible expression system that uses the regulatory mechanism of the glucocorticoid receptor (Picard et al., 1988; Aoyama and Chua, 1997; McNellis et al., 1998). pTA7002 encodes a chimeric transcription factor consisting of the DNA-binding domain of GAL4, the transactivating domain of the herpes viral protein VP16, and the receptor domain of the rat glucocorticoid receptor. Also contained on this vector is a promoter containing GAL4 upstream activating sequences (UAS) upstream of a multiple cloning site. Thus, any gene cloned downstream of the promoter containing the GAL4-UAS is induced by glucocorticoids, of which a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), is available commercially. hopPsyA was PCR-cloned downstream of the GAL4-UAS. Plant leaves from several different test plants were infiltrated with Argrobacterium carrying pTA7002::hopPsyA and after 48 hours these plants were sprayed with DEX. Only N. tabacum elicited an HR in response to the DEX-induced transient expression of hopPsyA (FIG. 13A). In contrast, N. benthamiana produced no obvious response after DEX induction (FIG. 13B). Moreover, transient expression of hopPsyA in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Eagle’)(data not shown) and Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-1 (FIG. 13) did not result in a HR. These results suggest that bean cv. Eagle, Arabidopsis Col-1, and N. benthamiana lack a resistance protein that can recognize HopPsyA. The lack of an apparent defense response for HopPsyA transiently expressed in bean was predicted, because HopPsyA is normally produced in P. s. syringae 61, a pathogen of bean. But, it was somewhat unknown how transient expression of HopPsyA would effect Arabidopsis. However, since P. s. tomato DC3000, a pathogen of Arabidopsis, appears to have a hopPsyA homolog based on DNA gel blots using hopPsyA as a probe, it was expected that HopPsyA would not to be recognized by an R protein in Arabidopsis (i.e., no HR produced) (Alfano et al., 1997). Thus, these plants (bean, Arabidopsis, and N. benthamiana) should represent ideal plants to explore the bacterial-intended role of HopPsyA in plant pathogenicity.

P.s. pv. syringae 61 secretes HopPsyA in culture via the Hrp (type III) protein secretion system. Because the P. syringae Avr proteins AvrB and AvrPto were found to be secreted by the type III secretion system encoded by the functional E. chrysanthemi hrp cluster carried on cosmid pCPP2156 expressed in E. coli (Ham et al., 1998), detection of HopPsyA secretion in culture directly via the native Hrp system carried in P. s. syringae 61 was tested. P. s. syringae 61 cultures grown in hrp-derepressing fructose minimal medium at 22° C. were separated into cell-bound and supernatant fractions by centrifugation. Proteins present in the supernatant fractions were concentrated by TCA precipitation, and the cell-bound and supernatant samples were resolved with SDS-PAGE and analyzed with immunoblots using anti-HopPsyA antibodies. A HopPsyA signal was detected in supernatant fractions from wild type P. s. syringae 61 (FIG. 14). Importantly, HopPsyA was not detected in supernatant fractions from P. s. syringae 61-2089, which is defective in Hrp secretion, indicating that the HopPsyA signal in the supernatant was due specifically to type III protein secretion (FIG. 14). As a second control, both strains contained pCPP2318, which encodes the mature β-lactamase lacking its N-terminal signal peptide, and provides a marker for cell lysis. β-lactamase was detected only in the cell-bound fractions of these samples, clearly showing that cell lysis did not occur at a significant level (FIG. 14). The fact that HopPsyA is secreted via the type III secretion system in culture and that the avirulence activity of HopPsyA occurs only when it is expressed in plant cells strongly support that HopPsyA is delivered into plant cells via the type III pathway.

HopPsyA contributes in a detectable, albeit minor, way to growth of P. s. syringae 61 in bean. The effect of a HopPsyA mutation on the multiplication of P. s. syringae 61 in bean tissue has been reported (Huang et al., 1991). These data essentially indicate that HopPsyA contributes little to the ability of P. s. syringae 61 to multiply in bean. The P. s. syringae 61 hopPsyA mutant does not grow as well in bean leaves as the wild-type strain (FIG. 15). This was unexpected, because these results are in direct conflict with previously reported data. One rationale for the discrepancy is that the previous reports focused primarily on the major phenotype that a hrp mutant exhibits on in planta growth and predated the discovery that HopPsyA was a type III-secreted protein. Thus, it is quite possible that the earlier experiments missed the more subtle effect that HopPsyA appears to have on the multiplication of P. s. syringae 61 in bean tissue (Huang et al., 1991). The data presented here supports that HopPsyA contributes to the pathogenicity of P. s. syringae and are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of Hops from P. syringae contribute subtly to pathogenicity. The lack of strong pathogenicity phenotypes for mutants defective in different avr and hop genes may be due to possible avr/hop gene redundancy or a decreased dependence on any one Hop protein through coevolution with the plant. Indeed, the type III-delivered proteins of plant pathogens that are delivered into plant cells may not be virulence proteins per se, but rather they may suppress responses of the plant that are important for pathogenicity to proceed (Jakobek et al., 1993). These responses may be defense responses or other more general processes that maintain the status quo within the plant (e.g., the cell cycle).

Example 7

Molecular Interactions of HopPsyA

HopPsyA interacts with the Arabidopsis Mad2 protein in the yeast 2-hybrid system. To determine a pathogenic target for HopPsyA, the yeast 2-hybrid system was used with cDNA libraries made from Arabidopsis (Fields and Song, 1989; Finley and Brent, 1994). In the yeast 2-hybrid system, a fusion between the protein of interest (the “bait”) and the LexA DNA-binding domain was transformed into a yeast tester strain. A cDNA expression library was constructed in a vector that creates fusions to a transcriptional activator domain. This library was transformed into the tester strain en masse, and clones encoding partners for the “bait” are selected via their ability to bring the transcriptional activator domain into proximity with the DNA binding domain, thus initiating transcription of the LEU2 selectable marker gene. A second round screening of candidates, that activate the LEU2 marker, relies on their ability to also activate a lacZ reporter gene. Bait constructs were initially made with hopPsyA in the yeast vector pEG202 that corresponded to a full-length HopPsyA-LexA fusion, the carboxy-terminal half of HopPsyA fused to LexA, and the amino-terminal half of HopPsyA fused to LexA, and named these constructs pLV23, pLV24, and pLV25, respectively. However, pLV23 was lethal to yeast and pLV25 activated the lacZ reporter gene in relatively high amounts on its own (i.e., without the activation domain present). Thus, both pLV23 and pLV25 were not used to screen for protein interactors via the yeast 2-hybrid system. pLV24, which contains the 3′ portion of hopPsyA fused to lexA, proved to be an appropriate construct to use for bait in the yeast 2-hybrid system, because it did not autoactivate the lacZ reporter gene and, based on the lacZ repression assay using pJK101, the ‘HopPsyA-LexA fusion produced by pLV24 appeared to localize to the nucleus. In addition, it was confirmed that pLV24 made a protein of the appropriate size that corresponds to HopPsyA by performing immunoblots with anti-HopPsyA antibodies on yeast cultures carrying this vector.

Initial screens with pLV24 and Arabidopsis cDNA libraries in the yeast 2-hybrid vector pJG4-5. From three independent screens, several hundred putative interactors with HopPsyA were identified, each activating the two reporter systems to varying degrees. When these putative positive yeast strains were rescreened and criteria were limited to interactors that strongly induced both the lacZ reporter and LEU2 gene in the presence of galactose, about 50 yeast strains were identified that appeared to contain pJG4-5 derivatives that encoded proteins that could interact with the C-terminal half of HopPsyA. DNA gel blots using PCR-amplified inserts from selected pJG4-5 derivatives as probes allowed each of these putative positives to be grouped. Approximately 50% of the pJG4-5 derivatives that encoded strong HopPsyA interactors belonged to the same group. A pJG4-5 derivative containing this insert, pLV116 was sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of the insert contained within pLV116 shared high amino acid identity to Mad2 homologs (for mitotic arrest deficient) found in yeast, humans, frogs, and corn. Moreover, based on amino acid comparison with the other Mad2 proteins, pLV116 contains a cDNA insert that corresponds to the full-length mad2 mRNA. Table 2 below shows the amino acid percent identity of all of the Mad2 homologs currently in the databases.

TABLE 2 Percent Amino Acid Sequence Identity Between Different Mad2 Homologs* Fis- Bud- Mad2 Arabi- sion ding Homolog dopsis Corn Human Mouse Frog Yeast Yeast Arabidopsis — Corn 81.3 — Human 44.4 44.9 — Mouse 45.4 45.9 94.6 — Frog 43.3 42.9 78.3 77.3 — Fission 40.4 41.9 43.8 43.8 46.3 — Yeast Budding 38.3 38.8 39.3 39.3 39.8 45.4 — Yeast *Comparisons were made with the MEGALIGN program at DNAStar (Madison, WI) using sequences present in Genbank. Abbreviations and accession numbers are as follows: Arabidopsis, A. thaliana Col-0 (this work); Corn, Zea mays (AAD30555); Human, Homo sapiens (NP_002349); Mouse, Mus musculus (AAD09238); Frog, Xenopus laevis, (AAB41527); Fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (AAB68597); Budding yeast, Saccharamoyces cerevisiae (P40958). Not unexpectedly, the sequence of the Arabidopsis Mad2 protein is more closely related to the corn Mad2, the only plant Mad2 homolog represented in the databases. The corn Mad2 is about 82% identical to the Arabidopsis Mad2. FIGS. 16A–B show yeast strains containing either pLV24 and pJG4-5, pEG202 and pLV116, or pLV24 and pLV116 on leucine drop-out plates and plates containing X-Gal, showing that only when both HopPsyA and Mad2 are present, β-galactosidase and LEU2 activity are induced. It is important to note that the cDNA library that yielded mad2 has been used for many different yeast 2-hybrid screens and a mad2 clone has never been isolated from it before. Thus, the results shown in FIGS. 16A–B are unlikely to represent an artifact produced by the nature of the cDNA library. Moreover, different Mad2 homologs are known to interact with specific proteins and one of these homologs was isolated with a yeast 2-hybrid screen using a protein of the spindle checkpoint as bait (Kim et al., 1998). This is reassuring for two reasons. First, other Mad2 homologs do not appear to be nonspecifically “sticky” proteins. Second, they appear to modulate cellular processes through protein-protein interactions.

The above results are very promising, because Mad2 is a regulator controlling the transition from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, a key step in the cell cycle of eukaryotes. The eukaryotic cell cycle is dependent on the completion of earlier events before another phase of the cell cycle can be initiated. For example, before mitosis can occur DNA replication has to be completed. Some of these dependencies in the cell cycle can be relieved by mutations and represent checkpoints that insure the cell cycle is proceeding normally (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989). In pioneering work, Hoyt et al. and Li and Murray independently discovered that there is a checkpoint in place in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to monitor whether the spindle assembly required for chromosome segregation is completed (Hoyt et al., 1991; Li and Murray, 1991). This so-called spindle checkpoint was discovered when the observation was made that wild-type yeast cells plated onto media containing drugs that disrupt microtubule polymerization arrested in mitosis, whereas certain mutants proceeded into anaphase. These initial reports identified 6 different nonessential genes that are involved in the spindle checkpoint: bub1–3 named for budding uninhibited by benzimidazole and mad1–3 for mitotic arrest deficient. Mutations in these genes ignore spindle assembly abnormalities and attempt mitosis regardless. In the years since, the spindle checkpoint has been shown to be conserved in other eukaryotes and many advances have occurred resulting in a better picture of what is taking place at the spindle checkpoint (Glotzer, 1996; Rudner and Murray, 1996).

Required for the transition from metaphase to anaphase (as well as other cell cycle transitions) is the ubiquitin proteolysis pathway. Proteins that inhibit entry into anaphase (e.g., Pds1 in S. cerevisiae) are tagged for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) (King et al., 1996). Only when these proteins are degraded by the 26S proteosome are the cells allowed to cycle to anaphase. Although it is not well understood how the APC knows when to tag the anaphase inhibitors for degradation, there have been several important advances (Elledge, 1996; Elledge, 1998; Hardwick, 1998). The Mad2 protein and the Bub1 protein kinase have been shown to bind to kinetochores when these regions are not attached to microtubules (Chen et al., 1996; Li and Benezra, 1996; Taylor and McKeon, 1997; Yu et al., 1999). Thus, these proteins appear to somehow relay a signal that all of the chromosomes are not bound to spindle fibers ready to separate. Mad1 encodes a phosphoprotein, which becomes hyperphosphorylated when the spindle checkpoint is activated and the hyperphosphorylation of Mad1 is dependent on functional Bub1, Bub3, and Mad2 proteins (Hardwick and Murray, 1995). Another required protein in this checkpoint is Mps1, a protein kinase that activates the spindle checkpoint when overexpressed in a manner that is dependent on all of the Bub and Mad proteins, indicating that Mps1 acts very early in the spindle checkpoint (Hardwick et al., 1996).

Based on data from the different Mad2 homologs that have been studied, Mad2 appears to have a central role in the spindle checkpoint. Addition of Mad2 to Xenopus egg extracts results in inhibition of cyclin B degradation and mitotic arrest due to the inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase activity of the APC (Li et al., 1997). The overexpression of Mad2 from fission yeast causes mitotic arrest by activating the spindle checkpoint (He et al., 1997). Whereas, introducing anti-Mad2 antibodies into mammalian cell cultures causes early transition to anaphase in the absence of microtubule drugs, indicating that Mad2 is involved in the normal cell cycle. Several reports suggest that different Mad2 homologs directly interact with the APC (Li et al., 1997; Fang et al., 1998; Kallio et al., 1998). Another protein called Cdc20 in S. cerevisiae binds to the APC, is required for activation of the APC during certain cell cycles, and Mad2 binds to it (Hwang et al., 1998; Kim et al., 1998; Lorca et al., 1998; Wassmann and Benezra, 1998). The picture that is emerging from all of these exciting findings is that Mad2 acts as an inhibitor of the APC, probably by binding to Cdc20. When Mad2 is not present, the Cdc20 binds to the APC, which activates the APC to degrade inhibitors of the transition to anaphase. FIG. 12 shows a summary of the spindle checkpoint focusing on Mad2's involvement and using the names of the spindle checkpoint proteins from S. cerevisiae.

The plant spindle checkpoint: A possible target of bacterial pathogens. Many of the cell cycle proteins from animals have homologs in plants (Mironov et al., 1999). In fact, one of the early clues that there existed a spindle checkpoint was first made in plants. The observation noted was that chromosomes that lagged behind in their attachment to the spindle caused a delay in the transition to anaphase (Bajer and Mole-Bajer, 1956). Moreover, mad2 has been recently isolated from corn and the Mad2 protein localization in plant cells undergoing mitosis is consistent with the localization of Mad2 in other systems (Yu et al., 1999). Based on a published meeting report, genes that encode components of the APC from Arabidopsis have been recently cloned (Inze et al., 1999). Thus, it appears that a functional spindle checkpoint probably is conserved in plants. The data presented above shows that the P. syringae HopPsyA protein interacts with the Arabidopsis Mad2 protein in the yeast 2-hybrid system.

It is possible that a pathogenic strategy of a bacterial plant pathogen is to alter the plant cell cycle. Duan et al. recently reported that pthA, a member of the avrBs3 family of avr genes from X. citri, is expressed in citrus and causes cell enlargement and cell division, which may implicate the plant cell cycle (Duan et al., 1999). If HopPsyA does target Mad2, at least two possible benefits to pathogenicity can be envisioned. Since plant cells in mature leaves are quiescent, one benefit of delivering HopPsyA into these cells may be that it may trigger cell division through its interaction with Mad2. This is consistent with the observation that anti-Mad2 antibodies cause an early onset of anaphase in mammalian cells (Gorbsky et al., 1998). More plant cells near the pathogen may increase the nutrients available in the apoplast. A second possible benefit may occur if HopPsyA is delivered into plant cells actively dividing in young leaves. Delivery of HopPsyA into plant cells of these leaves may derail the spindle checkpoint through its interaction with Mad2. These cells would be prone to more mistakes segregating their chromosomes; in some cells this would result in death and the cellular contents would ultimately leak into the apoplast providing nutrients for the pathogen.

Example 8

Cytotoxic Effects of HopPtoA and HopPsyA Expressed in Yeast

Both hopPtoA (SEQ. ID. No. 6) and hopPsyA (SEQ. ID. No. 35) were first cloned into pFLAG-CTC (Kodak) to generate an in-frame fusion with the FLAG epitope, which permitted monitoring of protein production with anti-FLAG monoclonal antibodies. The FLAG-tagged genes were then cloned under the control of the GAL1 promoter in the yeast shuttle vector p415GAL1 (Mumberg et al., 1994). These regulatable promoters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae allowed comparison of transcriptional activity and heterologous expression. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into uracil auxotrophic yeast strains FY833/4, selecting for growth on SC-Ura (synthetic complete medium lacking uracil) based on the presence of the URA3 gene on the plasmid. The transformants were then streaked onto SC-Ura medium plates containing either 2% galactose (which will induce expression of HopPsyA and HopPtoA) or 2% glucose. No growth was observed on the plates supplemented with 2% galactose. This effect was observed with repeated testing and was not observed with empty vector controls, with four other effectors similarly cloned into p415GAL1, or when raffinose was used instead of galactose. FLAG-tagged nontoxic Avr proteins were used to confirm that the genes were differentially expressed, as expected, on plates containing galactose. Importantly, the toxic effect with HopPsyA was observed when the encoding gene was recloned into p416GALS, which expresses foreign genes at a substantially lower level than p415GAL1.

REFERENCES

Each of the references cited herein or otherwise listed below are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety into this specification.

-   Alfano et al., (1996) Mol. Microbiol. 19:715–728. -   Alfano et al., (1997) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 10:580–588. -   Alfano and Collmer, (1997) J. Bacteriol. 179:5655–5662. -   Allaoui et al., (1993) Infect. Immun. 61:1707–1714. -   Altschul et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389–3402. -   Aoyama and Chua, (1997) Plant Journal 11(3):605–612. -   Ausubel et al., (1994) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. (John     Wiley and Sons, New York). -   Bajer and Mole-Bajer, (1956) Chromosoma (Berl.) 7:558–607. -   Bangham et al., (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 13:238–252. -   Berkner, (1988) Biotechniques 6:616–627. -   Blattner et al., (1997) Science 277:1453–1474. -   Bogdanove et al., (1997) Mol. Microbiol. 26:1057–1069. -   Bogdanove et al., (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:1325–1330. -   Bosch et al., (1999) Gene 236:149–157. -   Bozso et al., (1999) Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 55:215–223. -   Charkowski et al., (1998) J. Bacteriol. 180:5211–5217. -   Chatterjee et al., (1992) Science 258:1485–1488. -   Chen et al., (1996) Science 274:242–245. -   Ciesiolka et al., (1999) Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 12:35–44. -   Collmer et al., (2000) in Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions,     vol. 2. ed. de Wit, P. J. G. M., Bisseling, T., and Stiekema, W.     (International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, St.     Paul), pp. 65–70. -   Cornelis et al., (1998) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62:1315–1352. -   Dijkstra and Keck, (1996) J. Bacteriol. 178:5555–5562. -   Duan et al., (1999) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 12:556–560. -   Ehrlich et al., (1991) Science 252:1643–1651. -   Einerhand et al., (1995) Gene Ther. 2:336–343. -   Elledge, (1996) Science 274:1664–1672. -   Elledge, (1998) Science 279:999–1000. -   Evans et al., (1983) Handbook of Plant Cell Cultures, Vol. I,     MacMillan Publ. Co., New York. -   Fang et al., (1998) Genes Dev. 12:1871–1883. -   Fields and Song (1989) Nature 340:245–246. -   Finley and Brent (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12980–12984. -   Flotte et al., (1993a) J. Biol. Chem. 268:3781–3790. -   Flotte et al., (1993b) Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. 90:10613–10617. -   Fraley et al., (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:1859–1863. -   Fraley et al., (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4803–4807. -   Frank and Iglewski, (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173:6460–6468. -   Fromm et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:5824. -   Glotzer, (1996) Curr. Biol. 6:1592–1594. -   Gopalan et al., (1996) Plant Cell 8:1095–1105. -   Gorbsky et al., (1998) J. Cell Biology 141:1193–1205. -   Hacker et al., (1997) Mol. Microbiol. 23:1089–1097. -   Ham et al., (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:10206–10211. -   Hardwick, (1998) Trends Genetics 14:1–4. -   Hardwick and Murray, (1995) J. Cell Biol. 131:3. -   Hardwick et al., (1996) Science 273:953–956. -   Hartwell and Weinert, (1989) Science 246:629–634. -   He et al., (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7965–7970. -   Hendrix et al., (1983) Lambda II. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,     Cold Spring Harbor). -   Hensel et al., (1999) Mol. Microbiol. 31:489–498. -   Heu and Hutcheson, (1993) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 6:553–564. -   Hirano and Upper, (1990) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 28:155–177. -   Hirano et al., (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9851–9856. -   Hou, (1999) Trends Biochem. Sci. 24:295–298. -   Hoyt et al., (1991) Cell 66:507–517. -   Huang et al., (1991) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:469–476. -   Huang et al., (1995) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 8:733–746. -   Hueck, (1998) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62:379–433. -   Hwang et al., (1998) Science 279:1041–1044. -   Inoue and Takikawa, (1999) Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 65:100–109. -   Inze et al., (1999) Plant Cell 11:991–994. -   Jackson et al., (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:10875–10880. -   Jakobek et al., (1993) Plant Cell 5:57–63. -   Kallio et al., (1998) J. Cell Biol. 141:1393–1406. -   Kaplitt et al., (1994) Nature Genet. 8:148–153. -   Keen, (1990) Annu. Rev. Genet. 24:447–463. -   Keen et al., (1997) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 10:369–379. -   Kim et al., (1998) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 11: 1247–1252. -   Kim et al., (1998) Science 279:1045–1047. -   King et al., (1996) Science 274:1652–1659. -   Leach and White, (1996) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 34:153–179. -   Legard et al., (1993) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:4180–4188. -   Li and Murray, (1991) Cell 66:519–531. -   Li and Benezra, (1996) Science 274:246–248. -   Li et al., (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12431–12436. -   Lorang and Keen, (1995) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 8:49–57. -   Lorca et al., (1998). EMBO 17:3565–3575. -   Luo et al., (1995) Exp. Hematol. 23:1261–1267. -   Manceau and Horvais, (1997) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:498–505. -   Mansfield, et al., (1994) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 7:726–739. -   McNellis et al., (1998) Plant J. 14(2):247–257. -   Miller et al., (1994) Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. 91:10183–10187. -   Mindrinos et al., (1994) Cell 78:1089–1099. -   Mirold et al., (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9845–9850. -   Mironov et al., (1999). Plant Cell 11:509–521. -   Mumberg et al., (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22:5767–5768. -   Mushegian et al., (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7321–7326. -   O'dell et al., (1985) Nature 313:810–812. -   Orth et al., (2000) Science 290:1594–1597. -   Palleroni, (1984) in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. ed.     Krieg, N. R. and Holt, J. G. (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore), pp.     141–199. -   Perna et al., (1998) Infect. Immun. 66:3810–3817. -   Perry et al., (1998) Infect. Immun. 66:4611–4623. -   Picard et al., (1988). Cell 54:1073–1080. -   Pirhonen et al., (1996) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9:252–260. -   Ponnazhagan et al., (1994) J. Exp. Med. 179:733–738. -   Preston et al., (1995) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 8:717–732. -   Prochiantz, (2000) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12:400–406. -   Roberts and Lauer, (1979) Methods in Enzymology 68:473. -   Roine et al., (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3459–3464. -   Ronald, et al., (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174:1604–1611. -   Rosenfeld et al., Science 252:431–434 (1991). -   Rossi et al., (1993) Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter 11:220–229. -   Rudner and Murray, (1996) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:773–780.     Sambrook et al., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold     Springs Laboratory, Cold Springs Harbor, N.Y.     Schell, (1987) Science 237:1176–1183.     Schwartz et al., (2000) Trend Cell Biol. 10:2990–295.     Studier et. al., (1990) Gene Expression Technology vol. 185.     Szabo and Mills, (1984) J. Bacteriol. 157:821–827. -   Taylor and McKeon, (1997) Cell 89:727–735. -   van den Ackerveken et al., (1996) Cell 87:1307–1316. -   van Dijk et al., (1999) J. Bacteriol. 181:4790–4797. -   Vasil (ed.), (1984, 1986) Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of     Plants, Acad. Press, Orlando, Vols. I and III. -   Vivian and Mansfield, (1993) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 6:9–10. -   Walsh et al., (1992) Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. 89:7257–7261. -   Walsh et al., (1994) J. Clin Invest. 94:1440–1448. -   Wassmann and Benezra, (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA     95:11193–11198. -   Wieler et al., (1997) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 156:49–53. -   Yu et al., (1999) J. Cell Biol. 145: 425–435. -   Xiao and Hutcheson, (1994) J. Bacteriol. 176:3089–3091. Author's     correction. 176:6158. -   Yucel et al., (1994) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 7:677–679. -   Zablotowicz et al., (1995) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1054–1060. -   Zhou et al., (1996) Gene Ther. 3:223–229. -   U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,224 to Cohen and Boyer. -   U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050 to Sanford et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,036,006 to Sanford et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,421 to Loughrey et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,792 to Sanford et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,237 to Dzau et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,599 to Lee et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,996 to Hsu et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,811 to Ekwuribe. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,723,760 to Strittmayer et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,874 to Strittmayer et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,789 to Heartlein et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,586 to Kriegler et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,727 to Curiel. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,613 to Holland et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,808 to Spooner et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,225 to Kochanek et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,132 to Chamberlain et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,557 to Wilson et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,908 to Bout et al. -   U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,155 to Wickham et al.

Although the invention has been described in detail for the purposes of illustration, it is understood that such detail is solely for that purpose, and variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined by the following claims. 

1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule that contains only one open reading frame comprising a nucleotide sequence, or a complementary sequence thereof, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11; or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 2. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No:
 11. 3. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 2, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence according to SEQ ID No:
 10. 4. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid molecule hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 5. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid molecule hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of at least about 42° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 6. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid molecule hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 65° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 7. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame.
 8. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is DNA.
 9. An expression system comprising a vector into which is inserted a DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11; or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 10. The expression system according to claim 9, wherein the DNA molecule is inserted in sense orientation relative to a promoter.
 11. A host cell comprising a heterologous DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11; or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 12. The host cell according to claim 11, wherein the host cell is a bacterial cell or a plant cell.
 13. The host cell according to claim 12, wherein the bacterial cell is Agrobacterium.
 14. A transgenic plant comprising a DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11; or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No:
 10. 15. The transgenic plant according to claim 14, wherein the transgenic plant supports growth of compatible nonpathogenic bacteria.
 16. A method of making a transgenic plant cell comprising: providing a DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11, or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No: 10; and transforming a plant cell with the DNA molecule under conditions effective to yield transcription of the DNA molecule.
 17. A method of making a transgenic plant comprising: transforming a plant cell with a DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11, or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No: 10, wherein said transforming is performed under conditions effective to yield transcription of the DNA molecule; and regenerating a transgenic plant from the transformed plant cell.
 18. A method of making a plant hypersusceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria, said method comprising: transforming a plant cell with a heterologous DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that (i) encodes a protein or polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 11, or (ii) hybridizes, under stringency conditions comprising a hybridization medium which includes at most about 0.9M SSC at a temperature of about 37° C., to a DNA molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence complementary to SEQ ID No: 10; and regenerating a transgenic plant from the transformed plant cell, wherein the transgenic plant expresses the heterologous DNA molecule under conditions effective to render the transgenic plant hypersusceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria. 